Prince Wende L, Horns Kimberly M, Latta Teresa M, Gerstmann Dale R
Utah Valley Regional Medical Center, Provo 84604, USA.
Neonatal Netw. 2004 Jul-Aug;23(4):33-45. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.23.4.33.
Although many different neonatal pain assessment scales are used in clinical research, no gold-standard instrument exists. The multitude of pain assessment scales used has, in fact, threatened the validity of many studies and confused the construct of pain. This integrative review of the neonatal pain literature provides the recommendations from practice guidelines and the current evidence for modifying the pain response prior to and during common painful procedures.
