García-Moreno Jaime, Navarro-Sigüenza Adolfo G, Peterson A Townsend, Sánchez-González Luis A
Max Planck Research Centre for Ornithology (Vogelwarte Radolfzell) Schlossalleé 2, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004 Oct;33(1):186-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.007.
Cloud forests are distributed in the Neotropics, from northern Mexico to Argentina, under very specific ecological conditions, namely slopes with high humidity input from clouds and mist. Its distribution in Mesoamerica is highly fragmented, similar to an archipelago, and taxa are thus frequently represented as sets of isolated populations, each restricted to particular mountain ranges and often showing a high degree of divergence, both morphologically and genetically. The common bush-tanager (Chlorospingus ophthalmicus, Aves: Thraupidae) inhabits cloud forests from eastern and southern Mexico south to northwestern Argentina. Here we use 676bp of mtDNA (around the ATPase 8 gene) to explore the genetic variation and phylogeographic structure of the Mexican populations of C. ophthalmicus. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequences indicate deep genetic structure. Five major clades, which segregate according to geographic breaks, are identified (starting from the deepest one in the phylogeny): (1) Southern Chiapas and Northern Central America, (2) Tuxtlas massif, (3) Sierra Madre del Sur, (4) Eastern Oaxaca and Northern Chiapas, and (5) Sierra Madre Oriental. The long history of isolation undergone by each clade, as suggested by the phylogeny, implies that the species status of each of them should be revised.
云雾森林分布在新热带地区，从墨西哥北部到阿根廷，处于非常特殊的生态条件下，即有来自云层和雾气的高湿度输入的山坡。它在中美洲的分布高度分散，类似于群岛，因此分类群经常以孤立种群的形式呈现，每个种群都局限于特定的山脉，并且在形态和基因上往往表现出高度的差异。普通灌丛唐纳雀（Chlorospingus ophthalmicus，雀形目：裸鼻雀科）栖息于从墨西哥东部和南部到阿根廷西北部的云雾森林。在这里，我们使用线粒体DNA的676bp（围绕ATP酶8基因）来探索墨西哥普通灌丛唐纳雀种群的遗传变异和系统地理结构。线粒体DNA序列的系统发育分析表明存在深刻的遗传结构。根据地理断点划分出五个主要分支（从系统发育中最深的一个开始）：（1）恰帕斯州南部和中美洲北部，（2）图斯克拉斯地块，（3）南马德雷山脉，（4）瓦哈卡州东部和恰帕斯州北部，以及（5）东马德雷山脉。系统发育所表明的每个分支经历的长期隔离历史意味着它们各自的物种地位都应该重新审视。
