Ambalavanan Namasivayam, Carlo Waldemar A
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 620 South 20th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2004 Sep;31(3):613-28. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2004.05.003.
The pathology of BPD has changed over time, with the old BPD characterized by airway injury, inflammation, and parenchymal fibrosis giving way to the new BPD manifesting less fibrosis but with decreased alveolar and vascular development. The pathogenesis of BPD involves factors affecting the severity and management of RDS, alterations in lung development and maturation, alveolar-vascular interactions, and extracellular matrix remodeling. These factors in pathogenesis are mediated and modulated by hyperoxic lung injury, antioxidants, NO, the pulmonary neuroendocrine system and peptide growth factors, the immune system, and various genetic polymorphisms and predispositions. Future therapeutic interventions are likely to target one or more of these abnormalities in lung development, maturation, and response to injury.
支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的病理学随时间发生了变化，旧型BPD以气道损伤、炎症和实质纤维化为主，现正被新型BPD所取代，新型BPD纤维化较少，但肺泡和血管发育减少。BPD的发病机制涉及影响呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）严重程度及治疗的因素、肺发育和成熟的改变、肺泡-血管相互作用以及细胞外基质重塑。发病机制中的这些因素由高氧肺损伤、抗氧化剂、一氧化氮（NO）、肺神经内分泌系统和肽生长因子、免疫系统以及各种基因多态性和易感性介导和调节。未来的治疗干预可能针对肺发育、成熟及损伤反应中的一种或多种异常情况。
