Kirby Stephanie
Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
Nurs Inq. 2004 Sep;11(3):185-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00221.x.
From the 1870s to the 1920s Poor Law institutions in England developed from destinations of last resort to significant providers of health-care. As part of this process a general professionalisation of Poor Law work took place. The change was facilitated by wider social, philosophical and political influences in nineteenth century England. The introduction of trained nurses into the Poor Law was part of a diaspora of both ideas and people from voluntary institutions and organisations. Unrecognised in 1834, nurses eventually became the most numerous class of workhouse officers. This was not accomplished without dispute and acrimony. As a group and as individuals nurses were often at the centre of disputes. Utilising a social history framework and drawing on contemporary written sources, including Poor Law and nursing journals, this paper highlights the role played by Poor Law nurses in the diffusion of values and attitudes that helped to transform the workhouse regime from one of punishment to therapy.
从19世纪70年代到20世纪20年代，英国的济贫法机构从人们最后的求助之所发展成为重要的医疗保健提供者。作为这一进程的一部分，济贫法工作普遍实现了专业化。19世纪英国更广泛的社会、哲学和政治影响推动了这一变革。将受过训练的护士引入济贫法体系，是理念和人员从志愿机构和组织向外传播的一部分。护士在1834年时尚未得到认可，但最终成为济贫院工作人员中数量最多的群体。这一过程并非没有争议和激烈争吵。作为一个群体以及个体，护士常常处于争议的中心。本文运用社会历史框架，并借鉴包括济贫法和护理期刊在内的当代书面资料，强调了济贫法护士在价值观和态度传播中所起的作用，这些价值观和态度有助于将济贫院制度从惩罚性制度转变为治疗性制度。
