Green N E A, Done D J, Anthony S H, McKenna P J, Ochocki M
Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK.
Schizophr Res. 2004 Oct 1;70(2-3):233-40. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2003.12.003.
Disorganisation of semantic memory could provide a cognitive explanation for the disturbances of thinking and reasoning in schizophrenia. In this study, we directly test this explanation by identifying patients with disorganised semantic categories and then examine how they use their knowledge about these same categories in an inductive reasoning task.
Experiment 1 utilised a semantic category-sorting task to identify patients with disorganisation of semantic memory. In Experiment 2, the patients with disorganised categories carried out a category-based inductive reasoning task. Accurate performance on this task requires access to well-organised semantic knowledge about the objects and categories used in Experiment 1.
Patients with disorganised semantic categories in Experiment 1 did not demonstrate any difficulties or unusual responses when reasoning about the same categories in Experiment 2.
Disorganisation of semantic memory may not be the primary cause of disturbed reasoning or thought in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia tend to generate ad hoc categories, which are unsuited to the current context. Impaired performance on semantic memory tasks can arise from a misunderstanding of social context.
语义记忆紊乱可为精神分裂症患者思维与推理障碍提供一种认知解释。在本研究中，我们通过识别语义类别紊乱的患者来直接检验这一解释，然后考察他们在归纳推理任务中如何运用关于这些相同类别的知识。
实验1运用语义类别分类任务来识别语义记忆紊乱的患者。在实验2中，类别紊乱的患者进行基于类别的归纳推理任务。此任务的准确表现需要运用实验1中所用对象和类别的组织良好的语义知识。
实验1中语义类别紊乱的患者在实验2中对相同类别进行推理时未表现出任何困难或异常反应。
语义记忆紊乱可能不是精神分裂症患者推理或思维障碍的主要原因。精神分裂症患者倾向于生成临时类别，这些类别并不适用于当前情境。语义记忆任务表现受损可能源于对社会情境的误解。
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