Behar-Cohen Francine
Inserm U.598, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France. Fondation ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, 25, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2004 Jun-Jul;20(6-7):701-6. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2004206-7701.
Retinal diseases are nowadays the most common causes of vision threatening in developed countries. Therapeutic advances in this field are hindered by the difficulty to deliver drugs to the posterior segment of the eye. Due to anatomical barriers, the ocular biodisponibility of systemically administered drugs remains poor, and topical instillation is not adequate to achieve therapeutic concentrations of drugs in the back of the eye. Ocular drug delivery has thus become one of the main challenges of modern ophthalmology. A multidisciplinary research is being conducted worldwide including pharmacology, biomaterials, ophthalmology, pharmaceutics, and biology. New promising fields have been developed such as implantable or injectable slow release intravitreal devices and degradable polymers, dispersed polymeric systems for intraocular drug delivery, and transscleral delivery devices such as iontophoresis, osmotic pumps or intra-scleraly implantable materials. The first clinical applications emerging from this research are now taking place, opening new avenues for the treatment of retinal diseases.
视网膜疾病如今是发达国家中导致视力威胁的最常见原因。该领域的治疗进展因难以将药物递送至眼后段而受阻。由于解剖学屏障，全身给药药物的眼部生物利用度仍然很差，而局部滴眼不足以在眼后部达到治疗浓度的药物。因此，眼部药物递送已成为现代眼科的主要挑战之一。全球正在进行多学科研究，包括药理学、生物材料学、眼科、药剂学和生物学。已经开发出了一些有前景的新领域，如可植入或可注射的缓释玻璃体内装置和可降解聚合物、用于眼内药物递送的分散聚合物系统，以及经巩膜递送装置，如离子电渗疗法、渗透泵或巩膜内可植入材料。这项研究中出现的首批临床应用正在开展，为视网膜疾病的治疗开辟了新途径。
