Ramírez Zamora R M, Durán Pilotzi A, Domínguez Mora R, Durán Moreno A
Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Apartado Postal 70-472, 04510 México, DF.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(2):91-8.
The removal of detergents from clarified wastewaters by activated petroleum coke (CAPA) was assessed. These substances, owing to their foamy properties, constitute a problem for ammonia removal by the air stripping process that could be installed in a wastewater treatment train to produce reclaimed water. CAPA was evaluated as a more economical alternative than a commercial activated carbon. Experimental work was divided in three stages: 1) production and characterisation of materials; 2) pretreatment of raw wastewater through the Fenton's reagent or coagulation-flocculation process with Al2(SO4)3; and 3) adsorption and bio-adsorption tests of clarified effluents. These tests were carried out in the laboratory in discontinuous and continuous reactors, the former by the "point-by-point" technique, with and without a previous fixing of bacteria, and the latter by the Rapid Small Scale Column Test. Detergents content, color, COD and UV254nm were measured in raw and treated wastewaters. Results show that the best pretreatment for the adsorption process was coagulation-flocculation rather than Fenton's method. Oxidation by this process decreased the adsorptive properties of detergents. Biomass fixed on the CAPA particles significantly increased the UV254nm and COD removal efficiencies (20% and 170% respectively). The breakthrough curves showed that CAPA could attain the expected detergents removal efficiency (66%) for the alum effluent.
评估了活性石油焦（CAPA）对澄清废水中洗涤剂的去除效果。由于这些物质具有起泡特性，对于可安装在废水处理流程中以生产再生水的空气吹脱法去除氨而言，它们构成了一个问题。与商业活性炭相比，CAPA被评估为一种更经济的替代品。实验工作分为三个阶段：1）材料的制备与表征；2）通过芬顿试剂或用硫酸铝进行混凝 - 絮凝过程对原废水进行预处理；3）对澄清出水进行吸附和生物吸附试验。这些试验在实验室的间歇式和连续式反应器中进行，前者采用“逐点”技术，有或没有预先固定细菌，后者采用快速小试柱试验。对原废水和处理后的废水测量了洗涤剂含量、颜色、化学需氧量（COD）和紫外线吸光度（UV254nm）。结果表明，对于吸附过程而言，最佳预处理方法是混凝 - 絮凝而非芬顿法。通过该过程的氧化降低了洗涤剂的吸附性能。固定在CAPA颗粒上的生物质显著提高了UV254nm和COD的去除效率（分别提高了20%和170%）。穿透曲线表明，CAPA对于明矾出水能够达到预期的洗涤剂去除效率（66%）。
