Eggimann Philippe, Sax Hugo, Pittet Didier
Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, 24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
Microbes Infect. 2004 Sep;6(11):1033-42. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.05.018.
Nosocomial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. These infections have made newspaper headlines recently in many countries, and both patients and their relatives are now perfectly aware of their existence and of the risks which are inherent to any medical activity. However, significant improvements in the knowledge of the pathophysiology and epidemiology of nosocomial infections allow us to prevent them efficiently. Accordingly, they should no longer be considered as an inevitable tribute to pay to the continuous progress of medicine, but as a real challenge in the process of improving the quality of patient care. This is particularly the case for bloodstream infections, of which at least 80% are considered to be catheter associated. This paper reviews the epidemiology and impact of infections associated with the use of intravenous catheters. Principles of therapy are reviewed, as well as major aspects of prevention.
医院感染是住院患者发病和死亡的主要原因。最近，这些感染在许多国家都登上了报纸头条，患者及其亲属现在完全清楚它们的存在以及任何医疗活动所固有的风险。然而，在医院感染的病理生理学和流行病学知识方面取得的重大进展使我们能够有效地预防它们。因此，不应再将它们视为对医学不断进步的必然代价，而应视为提高患者护理质量过程中的一项真正挑战。血流感染尤其如此，其中至少80%被认为与导管相关。本文综述了与静脉导管使用相关的感染的流行病学和影响。还综述了治疗原则以及预防的主要方面。
