Three-dimensional tracking of single secretory granules in live PC12 cells.

Deconvolution wide-field fluorescence microscopy and single-particle tracking were used to study the three-dimensional mobility of single secretory granules in live PC12 cells. Acridine orange-labeled granules were found to travel primarily in random and caged diffusion, whereas only a small fraction of granules traveled in directed fashion. High K(+) stimulation increased significantly the percentage of granules traveling in directed fashion. By dividing granules into the near-membrane group (within 1 microm from the plasma membrane) and cytosolic group, we have revealed significant differences between these two groups of granules in their mobility. The mobility of these two groups of granules is also differentially affected by disruption of F-actin, suggesting different mechanisms are involved in the motion of the two groups of granules. Our results demonstrate that combined deconvolution and single-particle tracking may find its application in three-dimensional tracking of long-term motion of granules and elucidating the underlying mechanisms.