Kotwal A, Priya R, Thakur R, Gupta V, Kotwal J, Seth T
Center of Social Medicine & Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi - 110 064, India.
Indian J Med Sci. 2004 Aug;58(8):334-44.
At least 50 percent of the injections administered each year are unsafe, more particularly in developing countries, posing serious health risks. An initial assessment to describe injection practices; their determinants and adverse effects can prevent injection-associated transmission of blood borne pathogens by reducing injection frequency and adoption of safe injection practices.
To assess the injection practices in a large metropolitan city encompassing varied socio-cultural scenarios. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: Field based cross sectional survey covering urban non-slum, slum and peri-urban areas of a large metropolitan city.
Injection prescribers, providers and community members selected by random sampling from the study areas. Pre tested questionnaires assessed knowledge and perceptions of study subjects towards injections and their possible complications. Observation of the process of injection and prescription audit also carried out.
MS Access for database and SPSS ver 11 for analysis. Point estimates, 95% confidence intervals, Chi Square, t test, one-way ANOVA.
The per capita injection rate was 5.1 per year and ratio of therapeutic to immunization injections was 4.4:1. Only 22.5%of injections were administered with a sterile syringe and needle. The level of knowledge about HIV and HBV transmission by unsafe injections was satisfactory amongst prescribers and community, but inadequate amongst providers. HCV was known to a very few in all the groups. The annual incidence of needle stick injuries among providers was quite high.
A locally relevant safe injection policy based on multi disciplinary approach is required to reduce number of injections, unsafe injections and their attendant complications.
每年至少50%的注射是不安全的，在发展中国家尤为如此，会带来严重的健康风险。进行初步评估以描述注射行为、其决定因素和不良影响，可通过减少注射频率和采用安全注射做法来预防血源性病原体的注射相关传播。
评估一个涵盖不同社会文化情景的大都市的注射行为。研究地点和设计：基于实地的横断面调查，覆盖一个大都市的城市非贫民窟、贫民窟和城郊地区。
从研究区域通过随机抽样选择注射开方者、提供者和社区成员。预先测试的问卷评估了研究对象对注射及其可能并发症的知识和认知。还对注射过程进行了观察并开展了处方审核。
使用MS Access建立数据库，用SPSS 11版进行分析。点估计、95%置信区间、卡方检验、t检验、单因素方差分析。
人均注射率为每年5.1次，治疗性注射与免疫接种注射的比例为4.4:1。只有22.5%的注射使用了无菌注射器和针头。在开方者和社区中，关于不安全注射传播艾滋病毒和乙肝病毒的知识水平令人满意，但在提供者中不足。在所有组中，只有极少数人知道丙肝病毒。提供者中针刺伤的年发生率相当高。
需要一项基于多学科方法的与当地相关的安全注射政策，以减少注射次数、不安全注射及其相关并发症。
