Thompson Donald, Brown Sheryll, Mallonee Sue, Sunshine Douglas
Current Operations Division, United States Northern Command, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
J Trauma. 2004 Aug;57(2):208-15. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000142672.99660.80.
Culminating with the events of September 11, 2001, U.S. civilian and military populations are vulnerable to terrorist attacks. Information about the patterns of injuries and their causes inform disaster management planning and can improve structural and architectural design. This report documents the injuries following an estimated 20K bomb at the Khobar Towers military compound in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
US Air Force personnel in the compound at the time of the bombing were evaluated. Data were collected through a mail survey, and a review of military medical records and autopsy reports. Outcome measures included injury types, treatment status, severity, and causes of injuries.
The study identified 574 persons who were injured in the bombing; 19 persons died. A total of 420 (73%) persons were injured directly in the blast and 154 (27%) persons were injured during evacuation, search and rescue, during cleanup, or sustained only auditory or inhalation trauma. Sixteen percent of survivors injured directly in the blast were hospitalized; 6% were critical. Soft tissue and foreign body injuries of the lower extremities were the most common injuries among survivors, most often caused by glass. Persons who died suffered extensive, multiple injuries from blunt trauma and one death was caused by glass.
All deaths were immediate and the majority of survivors suffered minor to moderate injuries. Injuries and deaths were consistent with extensive glass damage in the compound and fragmentation of building concrete. Improved building designs and retrofits such as blast-resistant glass and prevention of structural collapse or building fragmentation should be considered in building design and construction in high threat areas.
以2001年9月11日的事件为高潮，美国平民和军事人员容易受到恐怖袭击。有关伤害模式及其原因的信息为灾难管理规划提供依据，并可改善结构和建筑设计。本报告记录了沙特阿拉伯达兰的霍巴塔军事基地发生的一起估计2万磅炸弹爆炸后的伤亡情况。
对爆炸发生时在基地内的美国空军人员进行评估。通过邮件调查、查阅军事医疗记录和尸检报告收集数据。结果指标包括伤害类型、治疗状况、严重程度和伤害原因。
该研究确定了574名在爆炸中受伤的人员；19人死亡。共有420人（73%）在爆炸中直接受伤，154人（27%）在疏散、搜救、清理过程中受伤，或仅遭受听觉或吸入性创伤。在爆炸中直接受伤的幸存者中有16%住院治疗；6%情况危急。下肢软组织和异物伤是幸存者中最常见的伤害，最常见的原因是玻璃。死亡人员遭受了钝器伤导致的广泛、多处损伤，1人死亡是由玻璃造成的。
所有死亡均为即时死亡，大多数幸存者受轻伤至中度伤。伤亡情况与基地内广泛的玻璃损坏和建筑混凝土破碎一致。在高威胁地区的建筑设计和施工中，应考虑改进建筑设计和改造，如采用防爆玻璃以及防止结构坍塌或建筑破碎。
