Russo V M, Biles C L
USDA, ARS, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555, USA.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2003;58(3):231-9. doi: 10.1023/b:qual.0000040312.26474.29.
Beta-galactosidase and peroxidase are enzymes reported to have roles in pepper maturation. Fertilizer rate may affect activity of these enzymes in fruit maturing on the plant. Nine pepper cultivars, five non-pungent and four pungent, were fertilized at two rates in field plots in 1997 and 1998 at Lane, OK, USA. Fruit were harvested at mature green, turning, and red color developmental stages, and assayed for beta-galactosidase and peroxidase activity. Overall fruit beta-galactosidase activity increased as fertilizer rate increased, and was highest in red fruit. Fertilizer rate and fruit developmental stage did not affect peroxidase activity in 1997, but peroxidase activity was highest in red fruit in 1998. Enzyme activity appeared to be cultivar dependent, and patterns differed in both years. Activities of both enzymes were higher at the red stage in many of the non-pungent peppers than in pungent peppers. These data suggest that increased fertilizer affects the activity of at least one enzyme in fruit maturing on the plant. Cultural practices affecting enzyme activity may be used to modify concentrations of components in plants that are important for human consumption.
据报道，β-半乳糖苷酶和过氧化物酶在辣椒成熟过程中发挥作用。施肥量可能会影响植株上正在成熟果实中这些酶的活性。1997年和1998年，在美国俄克拉何马州莱恩市的田间试验地，对9个辣椒品种（5个非辛辣品种和4个辛辣品种）进行了两种施肥量的处理。在果实发育的成熟绿色、转色和红色阶段进行采收，并测定β-半乳糖苷酶和过氧化物酶的活性。总体而言，果实β-半乳糖苷酶活性随着施肥量的增加而增加，且在红色果实中最高。1997年施肥量和果实发育阶段对过氧化物酶活性没有影响，但1998年过氧化物酶活性在红色果实中最高。酶活性似乎取决于品种，且两年的模式有所不同。在许多非辛辣辣椒中，两种酶在红色阶段的活性均高于辛辣辣椒。这些数据表明，增加施肥量会影响植株上正在成熟果实中至少一种酶的活性。影响酶活性的栽培措施可用于改变植物中对人类食用很重要的成分的浓度。
