童年中期和青春期女孩性别类型化活动中的发展及个体差异。

Developmental and individual differences in girls' sex-typed activities in middle childhood and adolescence.

作者信息

McHale Susan M, Shanahan Lilly, Updegraff Kimberly A, Crouter Ann C, Booth Alan

机构信息

Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.

出版信息

Child Dev. 2004 Sep-Oct;75(5):1575-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00758.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00758.x

PMID:15369532

Abstract

Girls' time in sex-typed leisure activities was studied across 2 years in middle childhood (n = 98, M = 8.2 years in Year 1), early adolescence (n = 106, M = 11.7 years), and middle adolescence (n = 86, M = 14.9 years). In annual home interviews, White middle-class girls, mothers, and fathers rated their gendered attitudes, interests, and personality qualities, and saliva samples were used to assess testosterone; activity data were collected in 7 nightly phone interviews. Girls spent more time in feminine than masculine activities except in early adolescence. Girls' and parents' personalities and interests predicted sex-typed activities at each developmental period, but associations between testosterone and activities emerged only in middle childhood.

摘要

研究人员对处于童年中期（n = 98，一年级时平均年龄8.2岁）、青春期早期（n = 106，平均年龄11.7岁）和青春期中期（n = 86，平均年龄14.9岁）的女孩参与性别类型化休闲活动的情况进行了为期两年的研究。在每年的家庭访谈中，白人中产阶级女孩、母亲和父亲对她们的性别态度、兴趣和个性品质进行评分，并采集唾液样本以评估睾酮水平；通过7次夜间电话访谈收集活动数据。除了青春期早期外，女孩参与女性化活动的时间多于男性化活动。女孩及其父母的个性和兴趣在每个发育阶段都能预测性别类型化活动，但睾酮与活动之间的关联仅在童年中期出现。