Averous M, Lopez C
Service d'urologie pédiatrique, hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34295, Montpellier 5, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2004 Sep;32(9):813-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2004.07.012.
Cryptorchidism is a very common anomaly of testicular migration, different from ectopy, anorchidy or retractile testis. Physiopathology of cryptorchidism is now well known. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism during pregnancy is mostly admitted. Recent epidemiologic studies show a significant increase due to toxic environmental factors, in particular pesticide. Cryptorchidism is most often isolated but polymalformatives entities must be eliminated, requiring sometimes hormonal or genetic investigations. Diagnosis is firstly clinical but coelioscopy adds accuracy and fiability. Infertility and cancer are the two majors risks of cryptorchidism, but their physiopathological mechanisms are still debated. It is not yet clear, in particular as far as the risk of infertility is concerned, if the testicular damage is primitive or (and) deteriorates with age. Medical and surgical treatments are now rather well codified. If, so far, there is no consensus about the age of management of cryptorchidism, many data of the literature lead pediatric urologists to manage these boys as soon as they are two or three.
隐睾症是一种非常常见的睾丸下降异常，不同于睾丸异位、无睾症或回缩性睾丸。隐睾症的病理生理学现在已广为人知。孕期促性腺激素缺乏性性腺功能减退是最常见的病因。最近的流行病学研究表明，由于有毒环境因素，尤其是农药，其发病率显著上升。隐睾症最常为孤立性，但必须排除多发畸形的情况，有时需要进行激素或基因检查。诊断首先依靠临床，但腹腔镜检查可提高准确性和可靠性。不育和癌症是隐睾症的两大主要风险，但其病理生理机制仍存在争议。特别是就不育风险而言，目前尚不清楚睾丸损伤是原发性的还是（以及）会随着年龄增长而恶化。目前，药物和手术治疗方法已相当规范。到目前为止，虽然对于隐睾症的治疗年龄尚无共识，但文献中的许多数据促使小儿泌尿外科医生在患儿两三岁时就对其进行治疗。
