Neural control of hepatic osmolytes and parenchymal cell hydration.

Liver cell function is strongly influenced by cell hydration and osmolyte content via osmosensing and osmosignaling pathways. Electrical stimulation of hepatic nerves increases the hepatocellular hydration state via an alpha-adrenergic mechanism, promotes taurine release from parenchymal cells and myo-inositol release from hepatic stellate cells. Although changes in liver cell hydration and osmolyte content are known regulators of liver cell function, the functional relevance and integration of nerve-stimulation-dependent alterations of liver cell volume and osmolyte content in the overall hepatic response to towards signals from the nervous system remains to be established.