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变构是所有动态蛋白质的固有特性吗?

Is allostery an intrinsic property of all dynamic proteins?

作者信息

Gunasekaran K, Ma Buyong, Nussinov Ruth

机构信息

Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Bldg 469, Rm 151, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.

出版信息

Proteins. 2004 Nov 15;57(3):433-43. doi: 10.1002/prot.20232.

Abstract

Allostery involves coupling of conformational changes between two widely separated binding sites. The common view holds that allosteric proteins are symmetric oligomers, with each subunit existing in "at least" two conformational states with a different affinity for ligands. Recent observations such as the allosteric behavior of myoglobin, a classical example of a nonallosteric protein, call into question the existing allosteric dogma. Here we argue that all (nonfibrous) proteins are potentially allosteric. Allostery is a consequence of re-distributions of protein conformational ensembles. In a nonallosteric protein, the binding site shape may not show a concerted second-site change and enzyme kinetics may not reflect an allosteric transition. Nevertheless, appropriate ligands, point mutations, or external conditions may facilitate a population shift, leading a presumably nonallosteric protein to behave allosterically. In principle, practically any potential drug binding to the protein surface can alter the conformational redistribution. The question is its effectiveness in the redistribution of the ensemble, affecting the protein binding sites and its function. Here, we review experimental observations validating this view of protein allostery.

摘要

别构效应涉及两个相距甚远的结合位点之间构象变化的偶联。普遍观点认为,别构蛋白是对称寡聚体,每个亚基“至少”存在两种构象状态,对配体具有不同的亲和力。最近的一些观察结果,如肌红蛋白(一种非别构蛋白的经典例子)的别构行为,对现有的别构教条提出了质疑。在此我们认为,所有(非纤维状)蛋白质都可能具有别构效应。别构效应是蛋白质构象集合重新分布的结果。在非别构蛋白中,结合位点的形状可能不会显示出协同的第二位点变化,酶动力学可能也不会反映别构转变。然而,合适的配体、点突变或外部条件可能会促进群体转移,导致原本被认为是非别构的蛋白质表现出别构行为。原则上,几乎任何与蛋白质表面结合的潜在药物都可以改变构象重新分布。问题在于其在集合重新分布中的有效性,影响蛋白质结合位点及其功能。在此,我们综述了验证这种蛋白质别构效应观点的实验观察结果。

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