Parvinen Kalle, Egas Martijn
Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Finland.
Theor Popul Biol. 2004 Nov;66(3):233-48. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2004.06.002.
Metapopulation theory for the evolution of specialisation is virtually absent. In this article, therefore, we study a metapopulation model for consumers with a fitness trade-off between two habitats. We focus on effects of habitat abundance, dispersal rate and trade-off strength on the evolution of specialisation under two types of trade-off. Adaptation affects either the intrinsic growth rates r or the carrying capacities K. Depending on dispersal rate and trade-off strength, evolution can result in one generalist, one specialist or two specialist types. Higher dispersal rate and a weaker trade-off favour the evolution of a generalist, for both trade-off structures. However, we also find differences between the two trade-off structures. Our results are qualitatively similar to analyses of two-patch models, suggesting that insights from such simpler models can be extrapolated to metapopulation models. Additional effects, however, occur because in classical metapopulations patch lifetime depends on extinction rate. Counterintuitively, this favours the evolution of specialisation when the trade-off affects r.
关于特化进化的集合种群理论实际上并不存在。因此，在本文中，我们研究了一个消费者集合种群模型，其中消费者在两种栖息地之间存在适合度权衡。我们关注栖息地丰度、扩散率和权衡强度对两种权衡类型下特化进化的影响。适应作用于内在增长率r或环境容纳量K。根据扩散率和权衡强度，进化可能导致一种泛化种、一种特化种或两种特化类型。对于两种权衡结构而言，更高的扩散率和较弱的权衡有利于泛化种的进化。然而，我们也发现了两种权衡结构之间的差异。我们的结果在定性上与双斑块模型的分析相似，这表明从这类更简单模型中获得的见解可以外推到集合种群模型。然而，由于在经典集合种群中斑块寿命取决于灭绝率，所以会出现额外的影响。与直觉相反，当权衡作用于r时，这有利于特化的进化。
