A history of hand surgery in New York City.

The origins of Hand Surgery in New York City are temporally centered around World War II. Arthur J. Barsky, MD, Condict W. Cutler, Jr, MD and Emanuel B. Kaplan, MD laid the groundwork for our regional specialty prior to the War. J. William Littler, MD, Robert E. Carroll, MD, served in the Armed Forces and were instrumental in the development of the specialty in the second half of the 20th century. Hand services evolved in each of the major academic centers in New York including those led by Lee Ramsey Straub, MD, at the Hospital for Special Surgery, Richard J. Smith, MD at the Hospital for Joint Disease, Robert W. Beasley, MD at New York University and Berish Strauch, MD, and Morton Spinner, MD, at Albert Einstein and Montefiore. Several surgeons who worked with or were trained by these masters formed the nucleus of the next generation of leaders including Richard G. Eaton, MD, Martin A. Posner, MD, Harold M. Dick, MD, and Charles Melone, MD. Their proteges and a relatively small number of surgeons trained elsewhere, like Andrew J. Weiland, MD, and Robert Hotchkiss, MD, make up the current leadership of Hand Surgery in New York City.