Chiellini Emo, Cinelli Patrizia, Chiellini Federica, Imam Syed H
UdR Consortium INSTM, Department of Chemistry & Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Macromol Biosci. 2004 Mar 15;4(3):218-31. doi: 10.1002/mabi.200300126.
Blends and composites based on environmentally degradable-ecocompatible synthetic and natural polymeric materials and fillers of natural origin have been prepared and processed under different conditions. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as the synthetic polymer of choice by virtue of its capability to be processed from water solution or suspension as well as from the melt by blow extrusion and injection molding. Starch and gelatin were taken as the polymeric materials from renewable resources. The fillers were all of natural origin, as waste from food and agro-industry consisted of sugar cane bagasse (SCB), wheat flour (WF), orange peels (OR), apple peels (AP), corn fibres (CF), saw dust (SD) and wheat straw (WS). All the natural or hybrid formulations were intended to be utilized for the production of: a) Environmentally degradable mulching films (hydro-biomulching) displaying, in some cases, self-fertilizing characteristics by in situ spraying of water solutions or suspensions; b) Laminates and containers to be used in agriculture and food packaging by compression and injection molding followed by baking. Some typical prototype items have been prepared and characterized in relation to their morphological and mechanical properties and tested with different methodology for their propensity to environmental degradation and biodegradation as ultimate stage of their service life. A relationship between chemical composition and mechanical properties and propensity to biodegradation has been discussed in a few representative cases.
基于环境可降解且生态相容的合成与天然高分子材料以及天然来源填料的共混物和复合材料已在不同条件下制备和加工。聚乙烯醇（PVA）因其能够从水溶液或悬浮液以及通过吹塑挤出和注塑成型从熔体中加工而被选作合成聚合物。淀粉和明胶被用作来自可再生资源的高分子材料。填料均为天然来源，食品和农业工业废料包括甘蔗渣（SCB）、小麦粉（WF）、橙皮（OR）、苹果皮（AP）、玉米纤维（CF）、锯末（SD）和麦秸（WS）。所有天然或混合配方旨在用于生产：a）环境可降解的地膜（水基生物地膜），在某些情况下，通过原位喷洒水溶液或悬浮液具有自施肥特性；b）通过压缩和注塑成型然后烘烤用于农业和食品包装的层压板和容器。已制备了一些典型的原型产品，并对其形态和力学性能进行了表征，并采用不同方法测试了它们在使用寿命最终阶段的环境降解和生物降解倾向。在一些代表性案例中讨论了化学成分与力学性能以及生物降解倾向之间的关系。
