Kumar Rakesh, Wang Rui-An, Barnes Christopher J
Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Mol Carcinog. 2004 Dec;41(4):221-30. doi: 10.1002/mc.20056.
Despite many years of investigation by numerous investigators, transcriptional regulatory control remains an intensely investigated and continuously evolving field of research. Transcriptional regulation is dependent not only on transcription factor activation and chromatin remodeling, but also on a host of transcription factor coregulators-coactivators and corepressors. In addition to transcription factor activation and chromatin changes, there is an expanding array of additional modifications that titrate transcriptional regulation for the specific conditions of a particular cell type, organ system, and developmental stage, and such events are likely to be greatly influenced by upstream signaling cascades. Here, we will briefly review the highlights and perspectives of chromatin remodeling and transcription controls as affected by cofactor availability, cellular energy state, relative ratios of reducing equivalents, and upstream signaling. We also present the C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) as a novel nuclear receptor (NR) coregulator, which exemplifies the integration of a number of transcriptional regulatory controls.
尽管众多研究人员进行了多年研究，但转录调控控制仍是一个深入研究且不断发展的研究领域。转录调控不仅依赖于转录因子激活和染色质重塑，还依赖于大量转录因子共调节因子——共激活因子和共抑制因子。除了转录因子激活和染色质变化外，还有一系列不断扩展的其他修饰，这些修饰针对特定细胞类型、器官系统和发育阶段的特定条件来调节转录，而且此类事件很可能受到上游信号级联反应的极大影响。在此，我们将简要回顾染色质重塑和转录控制的要点及观点，这些过程受辅因子可用性、细胞能量状态、还原当量的相对比例以及上游信号的影响。我们还介绍了C端结合蛋白（CtBP）作为一种新型核受体（NR）共调节因子，它体现了多种转录调控控制的整合。
