McMillan-Price Joanna, Brand-Miller Jennie
Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Clin Dermatol. 2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):310-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.01.003.
For years dietary guidelines for the treatment of overweight and obesity have advised a low-fat, high carbohydrate diet. Recent meta-analyses have shown that weight loss achieved with ad libitum low-fat diets is typically in the range of 3-4 kg. Although clinically significant, this weight loss is modest, usually regained on cessation of the intervention and the low-fat messages have not impacted on the ever increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Alternative approaches include low-glycemic index and high protein diets. Both effectively reduce the glycemic load of the diet and early studies suggest they may be effective in increasing satiety, reducing ad libitum energy intake and may improve fat oxidation by reducing insulin demand. Both approaches can be used within the context of a reduced-fat diet, with evidence emerging to suggest this may improve weight and body composition outcomes.
多年来，治疗超重和肥胖的饮食指南一直建议采用低脂、高碳水化合物饮食。最近的荟萃分析表明，随意采用低脂饮食实现的体重减轻通常在3 - 4千克范围内。尽管这一体重减轻具有临床意义，但幅度不大，通常在干预停止后就会反弹，而且低脂饮食的理念并未对不断上升的超重和肥胖率产生影响。其他方法包括低血糖指数饮食和高蛋白饮食。这两种饮食都能有效降低饮食的血糖负荷，早期研究表明它们可能有助于增加饱腹感、减少随意能量摄入，并可能通过降低胰岛素需求来改善脂肪氧化。这两种方法都可以在低脂饮食的背景下使用，有证据表明这样可能会改善体重和身体成分。
