Olivier-Carstens Ann
Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2004 Sep-Oct;45(5):449-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04078.x.
Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on the solar aspect of the distal phalanx of 10 feet of five normal live horses (Group 1), 22 feet of seven normal cadavers (Group 2), and nine feet of five horses with pathology of the dorsal solar aspect of the distal phalanx (Group 3). Lateromedial radiographs of the distal phalanx were made in all groups, and in Group 2, digits were sagitally sectioned after imaging. The ultrasonographic and radiographic appearance of the sagittal solar aspect of the distal phalanx was described. Measurements of the distance between the sole and the distal tip of the distal phalanx (A), the solar aspect of the apex of the frog and the distal phalanx (B), and the body of the frog's surface and flexor surface of the distal sesamoid bone (C) were made ultrasonographically, radiographically, and on the sectioned cadaver specimens. There was no statistical difference between the radiographic, ultrasonographic, and direct cadaver measurements in A and C. In B, there was a statistical difference between the radiographic, ultrasonographic, and cadaver measurements-most likely as a result of the difference in trimming of the frog apex. Ultrasonographic and radiographic examination of the nine feet of the five horses in Group 3 were performed and the abnormalities described. Color flow and power Doppler ultrasonography were performed on the normal sagittal solar distal phalanx, on the impar distal sesamoidean ligament, and at the insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon on the facies flexoria of the distal phalanx. Power Doppler in these horses showed blood flow at 0.16-0.48 kHz at the tip of the distal phalanx and at 0.16 kHz at the deep digital flexor tendon insertion and in the impar distal sesamoidean ligament. Using color flow Doppler in normal horses mean blood flows ranged from 1.8 to 5.4 cm/s at the tip of the distal phalanx and 1.8-2.0 cm/s at the deep digital flexor tendon insertion and in the impar distal sesamoidean ligament.
对5匹正常活马的10只蹄远节趾骨的跖面进行超声检查（第1组），对7具正常尸体的22只蹄进行超声检查（第2组），对5匹远节趾骨背侧跖面有病变的马的9只蹄进行超声检查（第3组）。对所有组的远节趾骨进行内外侧X线摄影，在第2组中，成像后将趾进行矢状面剖切。描述了远节趾骨矢状跖面的超声和X线表现。通过超声、X线摄影以及对剖切后的尸体标本进行测量，得到蹄底与远节趾骨远端尖端之间的距离（A）、蹄叉顶端跖面与远节趾骨之间的距离（B）以及蹄叉体表面与远籽骨屈面之间的距离（C）。在A和C中，X线摄影、超声检查以及尸体直接测量结果之间无统计学差异。在B中，X线摄影、超声检查以及尸体测量结果之间存在统计学差异——最可能是由于蹄叉顶端修剪方式不同所致。对第3组5匹马的9只蹄进行超声和X线检查并描述异常情况。对正常矢状跖面远节趾骨、奇远籽骨韧带以及远节趾骨屈面深屈肌腱附着处进行彩色血流和能量多普勒超声检查。这些马的能量多普勒显示远节趾骨尖端血流频率为0.16 - 0.48kHz，深屈肌腱附着处和奇远籽骨韧带处血流频率为0.16kHz。在正常马中，使用彩色血流多普勒检查发现，远节趾骨尖端平均血流速度为1.8至5.4cm/s，深屈肌腱附着处和奇远籽骨韧带处平均血流速度为1.8 - 2.0cm/s。
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