Stovall-McClough K Chase, Dozier Mary
New York University School of Medicine, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2004 Spring;16(2):253-71.
This study investigated the development of attachment relationships in 38 foster infant-caregiver dyads over the first 2 months of placement. We used the Parent Attachment Diary to measure foster infants' daily attachment behaviors, the Adult Attachment Interview to examine foster parents' attachment states of mind, and Ainsworth's Strange Situation to capture attachment classifications. We examined differences in diary scales (secure, avoidant, resistant, and coherence) as they related to age at placement and foster parent attachment, using hierarchical linear modeling and analyses of variance. The results indicated infants with autonomous foster parents and infants placed at younger ages showed higher early and overall levels of secure behavior, less avoidant behavior, and more coherent attachment strategies compared to infants placed with nonautonomous foster parents. Changes in attachment behaviors over time were not predicted by the models; however, there was a significant decrease in the daily coherence of attachment behaviors associated with Strange Situation disorganization. Finally, we found significant concordance between the diary and Strange Situation scales for secure and avoidant behaviors.
本研究调查了38对寄养婴幼儿与照料者二元组在安置后的前两个月中依恋关系的发展情况。我们使用《父母依恋日记》来测量寄养婴幼儿的日常依恋行为，采用成人依恋访谈来考察寄养父母的依恋心理状态，并通过安斯沃思陌生情境法来确定依恋类型。我们运用分层线性模型和方差分析，研究了日记量表（安全型、回避型、抗拒型和连贯性）与安置年龄及寄养父母依恋之间的差异。结果表明，与非自主性寄养父母照料的婴幼儿相比，由自主性寄养父母照料的婴幼儿以及安置时年龄较小的婴幼儿，在早期和总体上表现出更高水平的安全行为、更少的回避行为以及更连贯的依恋策略。模型并未预测出依恋行为随时间的变化；然而，与陌生情境混乱相关的依恋行为的日常连贯性显著下降。最后，我们发现日记量表与陌生情境量表在安全型和回避型行为方面存在显著一致性。
