Wedlich-Soldner Roland, Li Rong
Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Exp Cell Res. 2004 Nov 15;301(1):8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.08.011.
In this review, we summarize recent results on the understanding of actin organization and cell polarization with an emphasis on the critical role of actin during this process. We first report on the advances made in understanding the function and mechanism of formin family proteins in the nucleation of actin filaments. We also discuss how formins and other regulators of actin dynamics are thought to be involved in the generation of cell polarity. In the second part we discuss new findings indicating that, rather than using a linear pathway from signal transduction to cytoskeleton re-organization, cell polarity is established through bidirectional interplay between these processes. We describe the various types of feedback loops identified and point out common schemes. Finally we briefly summarize the emerging role of actinlike proteins in the generation of polarity in prokaryotes that implies an early origin of actin's role in cell polarity.
在本综述中，我们总结了近期关于肌动蛋白组织和细胞极化理解的研究成果，重点强调了肌动蛋白在此过程中的关键作用。我们首先报告了在理解formin家族蛋白在肌动蛋白丝成核中的功能和机制方面取得的进展。我们还讨论了formin和其他肌动蛋白动力学调节因子如何被认为参与细胞极性的产生。在第二部分中，我们讨论了新的发现，即细胞极性不是通过从信号转导到细胞骨架重组的线性途径建立的，而是通过这些过程之间的双向相互作用建立的。我们描述了已确定的各种类型的反馈回路，并指出了共同模式。最后，我们简要总结了类肌动蛋白在原核生物极性产生中的新作用，这意味着肌动蛋白在细胞极性中的作用起源较早。
