Stockhorst Ursula, Pietrowsky Reinhard
Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Duesseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001 Duesseldorf, Germany.
Physiol Behav. 2004 Oct 30;83(1):3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.07.018.
The present paper's aim is of to give an overview about the basic knowledge as well as actual topics of olfaction--with a special regard on behavior. We summarize different functions of the nose and the olfactory system in human physiology and psychology. We will first describe the functional anatomy of the olfactory system in man. Afterwards, the function of the olfactory system will be viewed from an evolutionary and phylogenetic perspective. We will further outline the main features of olfactory perception, and will show how olfactory perception is influenced by learning. Olfactory signals are relevant stimuli that affect communication. Consequently, the role of the olfactory system in social interaction and mood will be described and gender differences will be addressed. Finally, the function of the nose as an interface to the brain, including implications for pharmacology, will be discussed.
本文旨在概述嗅觉的基本知识以及当前的研究课题——特别关注嗅觉与行为的关系。我们总结了鼻子和嗅觉系统在人类生理和心理方面的不同功能。我们将首先描述人类嗅觉系统的功能解剖结构。之后，将从进化和系统发育的角度审视嗅觉系统的功能。我们还将进一步概述嗅觉感知的主要特征，并展示嗅觉感知是如何受到学习影响的。嗅觉信号是影响交流的相关刺激因素。因此，我们将描述嗅觉系统在社会互动和情绪中的作用，并探讨性别差异。最后，我们将讨论鼻子作为与大脑的接口的功能，包括其在药理学方面的意义。
