Complications of distraction osteogenesis in short first metatarsals.

The authors analyzed the results and complications of metatarsal lengthening in short first metatarsals by distraction osteogenesis. There were 13 first metatarsal lengthenings in eight patients. Mean age was 18.8 years and the average percentage of lengthening was 49.2%. The average healing index was 72.4 days/cm. The major complication was cavus foot, which was noticed in four feet. All great toes showed some loss of motion at metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint. Other complications were hallux valgus, angulation of the metatarsals, and pin tract infection each in two feet. The functional score according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux MP joint, interphalangeal joint scale was excellent in 11 and good in 2. All patients were satisfied with the procedure. To avoid potential complications such as MP joint subluxation, cavus foot, and hallux valgus, the first metatarsal lengthening should not exceed 50% of the original length.