Lakwo T L
Simulium Vector Elimination Project, Onchocerciasis Control Programme, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda.
East Afr Med J. 2004 May;81(5):244-7. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v81i5.9167.
To determine the biting activity and onchocerciasis transmission in Kashoya-Kitomi focus, Western Uganda.
Cross-sectional survey in randomly selected sites.
Three districts in Western Uganda.
Crab trapping and examination for immature stages of Simulium neavei and full day human bait catches and dissections were conducted at three sites.
A total of 338 crabs were caught and out of this 372 (95.9%) were positive with immature stages of S. neavei with mean S. neavei/crab of 6.9. High biting density of S. neavei was observed in the two sites in Kabarole and Mbarara districts whereas an extremely low density was observed at a site in Bushenyi. Diurnal biting pattern revealed two peaks in the morning (09:00-10:00 hours.) and in the late afternoon (14:00-15:00 hours.) with a mid-day lull. The infection/infective rates were 53.3/11.0%, 30.7% to 7.8% and 20.0/0% for sites in Mbarara, Kabarole and Bushenyi districts, respectively. Monthly biting rates/ Transmission potentials for Mbarara, Kabarole and Bushenyi districts were 6231/5437, 9244/2916 and 247/0.
There was high transmission of onchocerciasis observed in Kashoya-Kitomi focus despite the ongoing ivermectin treatment. The need for improved chemotherapeutic coverage and instituting other control measures may be necessary.
确定乌干达西部卡绍亚 - 基托米疫源地的蚋叮咬活动及盘尾丝虫病传播情况。
在随机选取地点进行横断面调查。
乌干达西部三个区。
在三个地点进行捕蟹及检查内维蚋未成熟阶段，以及全日人饵诱捕和解剖。
共捕获338只螃蟹，其中372只（95.9%）带有内维蚋未成熟阶段，平均每只螃蟹带6.9只内维蚋。在卡巴罗莱区和姆巴拉拉区的两个地点观察到内维蚋的高叮咬密度，而在布申伊区的一个地点观察到极低密度。日间叮咬模式显示在上午（09:00 - 10:00时）和傍晚（14:00 - 15:00时）有两个高峰，中午有停歇。姆巴拉拉区、卡巴罗莱区和布申伊区各地点的感染/感染率分别为53.3/11.0%、30.7%至7.8%和20.0/0%。姆巴拉拉区、卡巴罗莱区和布申伊区的月叮咬率/传播潜力分别为6231/5437、9244/2916和247/0。
尽管正在进行伊维菌素治疗，但在卡绍亚 - 基托米疫源地仍观察到盘尾丝虫病的高传播率。可能需要提高化疗覆盖率并采取其他控制措施。
