Pieringer Walter, Schüssler Gerhard
Universitätsklinik für Medizinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Graz, Auenbruggenplatz 22, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
Z Psychosom Med Psychother. 2004;50(3):241-52.
In present-day Austria, psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy enjoy significantly more sociopolitical and cultural recognition perhaps as a heritage from the days of the Austrian monarchy -- than is reflected in their real presence. This development can be traced back to prewar times and the repudiation of the destructive national socialistic ideology. There is an immanent conflict between specialization in psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy as an independent field of medicine and the integration of a psychosomatic basic approach into the general fields of medicine. The organization of psychotherapy is doubly anchored in the laws governing medical practice (PSY diploma) and the statutes governing the practice of psychotherapy; this, however, has not resolved the sensitive and only partially creative tension between the two. Austrian medical health politics are currently characterized by renewed efforts to organize the field of psychosomatic medicine. Should medical psychology and psychotherapy, internal medicine, psychiatry or general medicine provide the foundations for this new organization? This conflict is crucial since it will influence the further development of the entire medical field.
在当今的奥地利，心身医学和心理治疗或许作为奥地利君主制时代的遗产，在社会政治和文化层面获得了比其实际影响力更多的认可。这一发展可以追溯到战前时期以及对具有破坏性的纳粹意识形态的摒弃。心身医学和心理治疗作为医学独立领域的专业化与将心身基本方法融入医学一般领域之间存在内在冲突。心理治疗的组织在管理医疗实践的法律（心理学文凭）和管理心理治疗实践的法规中都有双重依据；然而，这并未解决两者之间敏感且仅部分具有创造性的紧张关系。奥地利的医疗健康政策目前的特点是重新努力组织心身医学领域。医学心理学与心理治疗、内科、精神病学还是普通医学应为这一新组织提供基础？这一冲突至关重要，因为它将影响整个医学领域的进一步发展。
