Freitas D, Maia J, Beunen G, Lefevre J, Claessens A, Marques A, Rodrigues A, Silva C, Crespo M, Thomis M, Sousa A, Malina R
Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Madeira, Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal.
Ann Hum Biol. 2004 Jul-Aug;31(4):408-20. doi: 10.1080/03014460410001713050.
Skeletal maturity is used to evaluate biological maturity status. Information about the association between socio-economic status (SES) and skeletal maturity is limited in Portugal.
The aim of this study is to document the skeletal maturity of youths in Madeira and to evaluate variation in maturity associated with SES.
The study involved 507 subjects (256 boys and 251 girls) from the Madeira Growth Study, a mixed-longitudinal study of five cohorts (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 years of age) followed at yearly intervals over 3 years (1996-1998). A total of 1493 observations were made. Skeletal age was estimated from radiographs of the hand and wrist using the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method (TW2). Social class rankings were based on method. Five social rankings were subsequently grouped into three SES categories: high, average and low.
Median for the radius, ulna and short finger bones (RUS scores) in the total sample of boys and girls increased curvilinearly across age whereas median for the 7 (without pisiform) carpal bones (Carpal scores) increased almost linearly. The 20-bone maturity scores demonstrated distinctive trends by gender: the medians for boys increased almost linearly while the medians for girls increased curvilinearly. SES differences were minimal. Only among children aged 10-11 years were high SES boys and girls advanced in skeletal maturity. Madeira adolescents were advanced in skeletal maturity compared with Belgian reference values.
The data suggests population variation in TW2 estimates of skeletal maturation. Skeletal maturity was not related to SES in youths from Madeira.
骨骼成熟度用于评估生物成熟状态。在葡萄牙，关于社会经济地位（SES）与骨骼成熟度之间关联的信息有限。
本研究的目的是记录马德拉岛青少年的骨骼成熟度，并评估与SES相关的成熟度差异。
该研究纳入了来自马德拉岛生长研究的507名受试者（256名男孩和251名女孩），这是一项对五个队列（8岁、10岁、12岁、14岁和16岁）进行的混合纵向研究，在3年（1996 - 1998年）期间每年进行随访。共进行了1493次观察。使用坦纳 - 怀特豪斯2法（TW2）从手部和腕部的X线片估计骨骼年龄。社会阶层排名基于方法。随后将五个社会排名分为三个SES类别：高、中、低。
在男孩和女孩的总样本中，桡骨、尺骨和短指骨的中位数（RUS评分）随年龄呈曲线增加，而7块（不含豌豆骨）腕骨的中位数（腕骨评分）几乎呈线性增加。20块骨的成熟度评分显示出明显的性别趋势：男孩的中位数几乎呈线性增加，而女孩的中位数呈曲线增加。SES差异最小。仅在10 - 11岁的儿童中，高SES的男孩和女孩在骨骼成熟度上更超前。与比利时参考值相比，马德拉岛青少年的骨骼成熟度更高。
数据表明TW2估计的骨骼成熟度存在人群差异。马德拉岛青少年的骨骼成熟度与SES无关。
