Cowley Alan H
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2004 Nov 7(21):2369-75. doi: 10.1039/b409497m. Epub 2004 Oct 13.
Donor-acceptor bonding between group 13 elements seems counter-intuitive because one normally thinks of e.g. boron and aluminium compounds as classical Lewis acids. Indeed, many such compounds have achieved industrial prominence in this regard. Recently, however, it has become possible to stabilize these and other group 13 elements in the +1 oxidation state as opposed to the archetypical +3 oxidation state. Moreover, it turns out that in the +1 oxidation state these species are excellent donors--hence the formation of these unprecedented donor-acceptor bonds. The discovery of such bonds has led, albeit indirectly, to the development of triple-decker main group cations. This aspect is also covered in the review.
第13族元素之间的给体-受体键合似乎有违直觉，因为人们通常认为，例如硼和铝的化合物是典型的路易斯酸。事实上，许多这类化合物在这方面已在工业上占据重要地位。然而，最近已能够将这些以及其他第13族元素稳定在+1氧化态，而不是典型的+3氧化态。此外，事实证明，在+1氧化态下，这些物种是优良的给体——因此形成了这些前所未有的给体-受体键。这类键的发现，尽管是间接的，却促成了三明治型主族阳离子的发展。本综述也涵盖了这一方面。
