Bustamante Paco, Miramand Pierre
Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement Marins, FRE 2727 du CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 22, Avenue Michel Crépeau, F-17042 La Rochelle, France.
Chemosphere. 2004 Dec;57(10):1355-62. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.077.
Cd, Cu and Zn were analysed in the organs and tissues of the three scallop species from the Bay of Biscay, the variegated Chlamys varia L., the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis L. and the common scallop Pecten maximus L. for interspecific comparisons. In P. maximus the greatest concentrations of Cd and Cu were found in the digestive gland, whereas the two other species showed similar levels of Cd between digestive gland and kidneys and higher renal Cu concentrations. However, the digestive gland of all Pectinidae species contained from 75% to 93% and 52% to 74% of the total body burdens of Cd and Cu, respectively. Whatever the species, kidneys displayed the highest Zn concentrations, which therefore contained from 53% to 97% of the total body burden of this metal. Also using reported results, ratios between the concentrations in the digestive gland and that in the kidneys discriminated two groups of Pectinidae: (1) the Pecten group (P. maximus, P. jacobeus and Adamussium colbecki) with a Cd ratio > or = 4, a Cu ratio > or = 1 and a Zn ratio > 20x10(-3); (2) the Chlamys group with a Cd ratio < or = 1, a Cu ratio < or = 1 and a Zn ratio < or = 6x10(-3). However, no differences in the detoxification processes in the digestive gland were found between groups in this study. 72-80% of the total Cd was found to be soluble, probably bound to metalloproteins such as metallothioneins, while Cu and Zn were mainly found associated to the insoluble fraction of the digestive gland cells whatever the species. Queen scallops from the Faroe Islands were also considered to examine variations of the metal concentrations due to the geographical origin. In this northern area, queen scallops displayed Cd concentrations 2, 4 and 6 times higher in kidneys, muscle and digestive gland, respectively, compared to those from the Bay of Biscay. Consequently, the Cd concentrations in the whole soft parts of the queen scallops were more than 6 times higher in the Faroe Islands than in the Bay of Biscay. In contrast to Cd, both Cu and Zn concentrations in the whole soft parts were 2 times lower in the Faroe Islands, suggesting lower bioavailability of these essential elements.
对来自比斯开湾的三种扇贝——杂色锦扇贝（Chlamys varia L.）、皇后扇贝（Aequipecten opercularis L.）和栉孔扇贝（Pecten maximus L.）的器官和组织中的镉、铜和锌进行了分析，以进行种间比较。在栉孔扇贝中，镉和铜的最高浓度出现在消化腺中，而另外两种扇贝在消化腺和肾脏中的镉含量相似，且肾脏中的铜浓度更高。然而，所有扇贝科物种的消化腺分别含有其体内镉总量的75%至93%和铜总量的52%至74%。无论物种如何，肾脏中的锌浓度最高，因此含有该金属体内总量的53%至97%。同样利用已报道的结果，消化腺与肾脏中浓度的比值区分出两组扇贝科物种：（1）栉孔扇贝组（栉孔扇贝、雅各布栉孔扇贝和科氏海扇蛤），镉比值≥4，铜比值≥1，锌比值>20×10⁻³；（2）锦扇贝组，镉比值≤1，铜比值≤1，锌比值≤6×10⁻³。然而，本研究中未发现两组在消化腺解毒过程上存在差异。发现总镉的72%至80%是可溶的，可能与金属硫蛋白等金属蛋白结合，而无论物种如何，铜和锌主要与消化腺细胞的不溶部分相关。还对来自法罗群岛的皇后扇贝进行了研究，以考察由于地理来源导致的金属浓度变化。在这个北部地区，皇后扇贝肾脏、肌肉和消化腺中的镉浓度分别比来自比斯开湾的高出2倍、4倍和6倍。因此，法罗群岛皇后扇贝整个软体部分的镉浓度比比斯开湾高出6倍多。与镉相反，法罗群岛皇后扇贝整个软体部分的铜和锌浓度均低2倍，表明这些必需元素的生物利用率较低。
