Plana Vanessa
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Oct 29;359(1450):1585-94. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1535.
This paper reviews how and when African rainforest diversity arose, presenting evidence from both plant and animal studies. Preliminary investigations show that these African forests are an assemblage of species of varying age. Phylogenetic evidence, from both African rainforest angiosperms and vertebrates, suggest a Tertiary origin for the major lineages in some of these groups. In groups where savannah species are well represented and rainforest species are a minority, the latter appear to be relics of a Mid-Tertiary rainforest. By contrast, species that are primarily adapted to rainforest have arisen in the past 10 Myr with the main morphological innovations dating from the Late Miocene, and Quaternary speciation dominating in large, morphologically homogeneous groups. The small number of species-level phylogenies for African rainforest plants hinders a more incisive and detailed study into the historical assembly of these continental forests.
本文回顾了非洲雨林多样性产生的方式和时间，并展示了来自植物和动物研究的证据。初步调查表明，这些非洲森林是不同年龄物种的集合。来自非洲雨林被子植物和脊椎动物的系统发育证据表明，这些类群中的一些主要谱系起源于第三纪。在稀树草原物种占优势而雨林物种占少数的类群中，后者似乎是第三纪中期雨林的遗迹。相比之下，主要适应雨林的物种在过去1000万年中出现，主要形态创新可追溯到晚中新世，而第四纪物种形成在大型、形态上同质化的类群中占主导地位。非洲雨林植物的物种水平系统发育数量较少，阻碍了对这些大陆森林历史组装进行更深入、更详细的研究。
