de Bruyn M, Nugroho E, Hossain Md Mokarrom, Wilson J C, Mather P B
School of Natural Resource Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
Heredity (Edinb). 2005 Mar;94(3):370-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800613.
Biogeographic boundaries are characterised by distinct faunal and floral assemblages restricted on either side, but patterns among groups of taxa often vary and may not be discrete. Historical biogeography as a consequence, while providing crucial insights into the relationship between biological diversity and earth history, has some limitations. Patterns of intraspecific molecular variation, however, may show unambiguous evidence for such historical divides, and can be used to test competing biogeographic hypotheses (often based on the dispersal-vicariance debate). Here, we utilise this method to test the hypothesis that a major biogeographic transition zone between the Sundaic and Indochinese biotas, located just north of the Isthmus of Kra in SE Asia, is the result of Neogene marine transgressions that breached the Isthmus in two locations for prolonged periods of time (>1 million year duration). Phylogeographic analyses of a freshwater decapod crustacean, the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, strongly supports the historical existence of the more northerly postulated seaway. Results presented here highlight the power of utilising intraspecific molecular variation in testing biogeographical hypotheses.
生物地理边界的特征是两侧有着独特的动物群和植物群组合，但分类群之间的模式往往各不相同，且可能并非离散的。因此，历史生物地理学虽然能为生物多样性与地球历史之间的关系提供至关重要的见解，但也存在一些局限性。然而，种内分子变异模式可能会为这种历史分隔提供明确的证据，并可用于检验相互竞争的生物地理假说（通常基于扩散 - 隔离分化争论）。在此，我们运用这种方法来检验一个假说，即位于东南亚克拉地峡以北的巽他生物群和印度支那生物群之间的一个主要生物地理过渡带，是新近纪海侵的结果，海侵在两个地点长时间（超过100万年）冲破了地峡。对一种淡水十足目甲壳动物——罗氏沼虾进行的系统发育地理学分析，有力地支持了更靠北的假定海峡在历史上的存在。本文给出的结果凸显了利用种内分子变异来检验生物地理假说的作用。
