Holub Darren J, Holub Bruce J
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 Aug;263(1-2):217-25.
Fish and fish oils contain the omega-3 fatty acids known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relation between the dietary consumption of fish containing EPA/DHA and mortality from coronary heart disease. These relationships have been substantiated from blood measures of omega-3 fatty acids including DHA as a physiological biomarker for omega-3 fatty acid status. Controlled intervention trials with fish oil supplements enriched in EPA/DHA have shown their potential to reduce mortality in post-myocardial infarction patients with a substantial reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death. The cardioprotective effects of EPA/DHA are widespread, appear to act independently of blood cholesterol reduction, and are mediated by diverse mechanisms. Their overall effects include anti-arrhythmic, blood triglyceride-lowering, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, endothelial relaxation, plus others. Current dietary intakes of EPA/DHA in North America and elsewhere are well below those recommended by the American Heart Association for the management of patients with coronary heart disease.
鱼类和鱼油含有被称为二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的ω-3脂肪酸。流行病学研究表明，摄入含有EPA/DHA的鱼类与冠心病死亡率之间呈负相关。这些关系已通过血液中ω-3脂肪酸的测量得到证实，其中包括DHA作为ω-3脂肪酸状态的生理生物标志物。富含EPA/DHA的鱼油补充剂的对照干预试验表明，它们有降低心肌梗死后患者死亡率的潜力，并能大幅降低心脏性猝死的风险。EPA/DHA的心脏保护作用广泛，似乎独立于降低血液胆固醇发挥作用，且由多种机制介导。它们的总体作用包括抗心律失常、降低血液甘油三酯、抗血栓形成、抗炎、内皮舒张等。目前北美和其他地区EPA/DHA的膳食摄入量远低于美国心脏协会对冠心病患者管理所推荐的水平。
