Wünschmann Arno, Shivers Jan, Bender Jeff, Carroll Larry, Fuller Susan, Saggese Miguel, van Wettere Arnaud, Redig Pat
Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Avian Dis. 2004 Sep;48(3):570-80. doi: 10.1637/7170-022004R.
Carcasses of 13 red-tailed hawks (RTHAs) and 11 Cooper's hawks (COHAs) were tested for West Nile virus (WNV) using WNV-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on fresh brain tissue and WNV-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) on various organs. Ten COHAs (91%) and 11 RTHAs (85%) were positive for WNV RNA by RT-PCR. All 11 COHAs (100%) and 10 RTHAs (77%) were positive for WNV antigen by IHC. A triad of inflammatory lesions, including chronic lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic encephalitis, endophthalmitis, and myocarditis, was common in both species. In COHAs, the heart (54%), cerebrum (50%), and eye (45%) were the organs that most commonly contained WNV antigen. The amount of WNV antigen was usually small. In RTHAs, the kidney (38%), cerebrum (38%), cerebellum (38%), and eye (36%) were the organs most commonly containing WNV antigen. Unlike COHAs, larger amounts of WNV antigen were present in the cerebrum of RTHAs. WNV antigen was detected in similar cell populations in both species, including neurons of brain, spinal cord, and retina, pigmented epithelial cells of the retina, epithelial cells of renal medullary tubules, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of arteries, dendritic cells of splenic lymph follicles, exocrine pancreatic cells, adrenal cells, and keratinocytes of the skin. The study presents strong evidence that WNV can cause a chronic fatal disease in RTHAs and COHAs. The lesion distribution of WNV infection in both species is variable, but inflammatory lesions are common, and a triad of lesions including encephalitis, myocarditis, and endophthalmitis is indicative of WNV infection in both species.
对13只红尾鵟（RTHA）和11只库珀鹰（COHA）的尸体进行了检测，采用针对西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测新鲜脑组织中的WNV，并采用针对WNV的免疫组织化学（IHC）检测各种器官中的WNV。通过RT-PCR，10只COHA（91%）和11只RTHA（85%）的WNV RNA呈阳性。通过IHC，所有11只COHA（100%）和10只RTHA（77%）的WNV抗原呈阳性。两种鸟类都常见一种三联炎症病变，包括慢性淋巴细胞浆细胞性和组织细胞性脑炎、眼内炎和心肌炎。在COHA中，心脏（54%）、大脑（50%）和眼睛（45%）是最常含有WNV抗原的器官。WNV抗原的量通常很少。在RTHA中，肾脏（38%）、大脑（38%）、小脑（38%）和眼睛（36%）是最常含有WNV抗原的器官。与COHA不同，RTHA大脑中存在大量的WNV抗原。在两种鸟类的相似细胞群体中都检测到了WNV抗原，包括脑、脊髓和视网膜的神经元、视网膜色素上皮细胞、肾髓质肾小管上皮细胞、心肌细胞、动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞、脾淋巴滤泡的树突状细胞、胰腺外分泌细胞、肾上腺细胞和皮肤角质形成细胞。该研究提供了有力证据，证明WNV可在RTHA和COHA中引起慢性致命疾病。两种鸟类中WNV感染的病变分布各不相同，但炎症病变很常见，包括脑炎、心肌炎和眼内炎的三联病变表明两种鸟类都感染了WNV。
