Ramasamy Sharmaine, Isbister Geoffrey K, Hodgson Wayne C
Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
Toxicon. 2004 Dec 15;44(8):837-45. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.005.
Neurotoxicity is rarely seen following human systemic envenoming by Australasian black snakes (genus Pseudechis) with myotoxicity being the most prominent feature following bites by some species. This study investigated the in vitro myotoxicity of venoms from seven species of Australasian Pseudechis and determined the efficacy of CSL black and tiger snake antivenoms. All Pseudechis venoms (10 microg/ml) significantly inhibited direct twitches of the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA). Prior addition of black snake antivenom (5 U/ml) prevented the inhibitory effects of all Pseudechis venoms (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA), except Pseudechis butleri. Prior addition of tiger snake antivenom (5 U/ml) prevented the venom-induced reduction in direct twitches to Notechis scutatus venom and all Pseudechis venoms (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA), with the exception of Pseudechis australis and Pseudechis colletti venoms. Black or tiger snake antivenom (5 U/ml) added 1 h after the addition of venom inhibited further reduction of direct twitches by N. scutatus and most Pseudechis venoms, but did not significantly restore twitch height. PLA2 activity was found in all venoms with the following rank order: Pseudechis porphyriacus>P. australis>Pseudechis papuanus>P. butleri>Pseudechis guttatus> or =Pseudechis pailsii>P. colletti>N. scutatus. The results of the present study suggest that Australasian Pseudechis venoms possess variable myotoxic activity. The ability of black or tiger snake antivenom to prevent or inhibit further venom-induced effects varied across the genus.
澳大利亚黑蛇（伪盾蛇属）对人类进行全身毒液注射后很少出现神经毒性，某些种类的咬伤后最显著的特征是肌毒性。本研究调查了七种澳大利亚伪盾蛇毒液的体外肌毒性，并确定了CSL黑蛇和虎蛇抗蛇毒血清的疗效。所有伪盾蛇毒液（10微克/毫升）均显著抑制鸡颈二腹肌神经-肌肉标本的直接抽搐（p<0.05，单因素方差分析）。预先添加黑蛇抗蛇毒血清（5单位/毫升）可防止所有伪盾蛇毒液的抑制作用（p<0.05，单因素方差分析），但巴氏伪盾蛇毒液除外。预先添加虎蛇抗蛇毒血清（5单位/毫升）可防止毒液引起的对盾鳞澳蛇毒液和所有伪盾蛇毒液直接抽搐的减少（p<0.05，单因素方差分析），但澳洲伪盾蛇和科氏伪盾蛇毒液除外。在添加毒液1小时后添加黑蛇或虎蛇抗蛇毒血清（5单位/毫升）可抑制盾鳞澳蛇和大多数伪盾蛇毒液对直接抽搐的进一步减少，但不能显著恢复抽搐高度。在所有毒液中均发现了磷脂酶A2活性，其活性顺序如下：紫灰伪盾蛇>澳洲伪盾蛇>巴布亚伪盾蛇>巴氏伪盾蛇>斑点伪盾蛇≥派氏伪盾蛇>科氏伪盾蛇>盾鳞澳蛇。本研究结果表明，澳大利亚伪盾蛇毒液具有不同的肌毒性活性。黑蛇或虎蛇抗蛇毒血清预防或抑制毒液进一步作用的能力在该属中各不相同。
