Veeneklaas R J, Harun M A S, Backx A, Mamade M, Joosten B J L, Everts M E
Department of Pathobiology, Division of Anatomy & Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2004 Sep-Oct;51(7-8):321-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00663.x.
In semiarid parts of Africa animal traction is still one of the most reliable sources for rural work power. However, draught animals have to produce most of their work power at an unfavourable moment of the year that is at the end of the dry season when feedlot is scare. To improve their condition prior to the planting season, a short training could help. The effect of training can be expressed by the changes in contents of Na(+), K(+)-pumps in the muscle cell membrane. After a training period of 15 days all cattle showed a mean increase in Na(+), K(+)-ATPase of 24% (P < 0.01) in the semitendinosus muscle of the hind leg, whereas the control group showed no change. Bulls demonstrated already after 8 days of training an increase of 20% (P < 0.05). The principal factor responsible for this up-regulation of the Na(+), K(+)-pumps is most probably the excitation of muscles during exercise. In the course of the 15 days training period, the surge of plasma K(+) in during exercise showed a tendency to decrease, but this was not significant. Nevertheless, the reduced elevations of plasma [K(+)] may delay the moment of fatigue and so improve endurance. In conclusion, a training period of 8-15 days improves the contents of Na(+), K(+)-pumps and so the possible work output of draught cattle.
在非洲半干旱地区，畜力仍然是农村工作动力最可靠的来源之一。然而，役畜必须在一年中不利的时期，即旱季末期饲料短缺时，产出大部分的工作动力。为了在种植季节前改善它们的状况，短期训练可能会有所帮助。训练的效果可以通过肌肉细胞膜中Na(+)、K(+)泵含量的变化来体现。经过15天的训练期后，所有牛后腿半腱肌中的Na(+)、K(+) - ATP酶平均增加了24%（P < 0.01），而对照组没有变化。公牛在训练8天后就显示出20%的增加（P < 0.05）。Na(+)、K(+)泵这种上调的主要因素很可能是运动过程中肌肉的兴奋。在15天的训练期内，运动期间血浆K(+)的激增呈下降趋势，但并不显著。尽管如此，血浆[K(+)]升高幅度的降低可能会延迟疲劳时刻，从而提高耐力。总之，8 - 15天的训练期可改善Na(+)、K(+)泵的含量，进而提高役牛的可能工作产出。
