Ekstrom Soren R
Watertown, MA, USA.
J Anal Psychol. 2004 Nov;49(5):657-82. doi: 10.1111/j.0021-8774.2004.00494.x.
Several branches of cognitive science now focus on the nature of the unconscious. This paper explores some of the findings and models from this research. By introducing formulations based on non-clinical data, the cognitive scientists--in neural linguistics, computational modelling, and neuroscience--may depart from the older psychoanalytic formulations. An understanding of unconscious neural processes is nevertheless emerging showing how synapses are modified by experience and how learning, conscious and unconscious, is due to this important aspect of brain plasticity. Freud and Jung's formulations about the unconscious psyche, representing the main tenets of depth psychology, are also based on a conception of the mind as extending beyond immediate awareness. However, their models are more hypothetical in that their data, almost exclusively, come from treatments of psychotherapy patients and their verbal accounts. So how do these two conceptions of the unconscious match, where do they differ? And how does the neural understanding in the present research support theories and practices of analytic treatments?
认知科学的几个分支现在聚焦于无意识的本质。本文探讨了这项研究中的一些发现和模型。通过引入基于非临床数据的表述，神经语言学、计算建模和神经科学领域的认知科学家可能会背离早期的精神分析表述。然而，对无意识神经过程的理解正在浮现，它展示了突触是如何被经验所改变的，以及有意识和无意识的学习是如何归因于大脑可塑性的这一重要方面的。弗洛伊德和荣格关于无意识心理的表述代表了深度心理学的主要原则，它们同样基于一种心灵超越即时意识的概念。然而，他们的模型更多是假设性的，因为他们的数据几乎完全来自对心理治疗患者的治疗以及他们的口头描述。那么，这两种无意识概念是如何匹配的，它们又有哪些不同之处呢？当前研究中的神经学理解如何支持分析治疗的理论与实践呢？
