Courtet Philippe, Jollant Fabrice, Castelnau Didier, Astruc Bernard, Buresi Catherine, Malafosse Alain
Service de Psychologie médicale et Psychiatrie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier 34295 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2004 Sep;29(5):350-9.
There are many risk factors associated with vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, and the results of family studies, twin studies and adoption studies suggest that they include a genetic predisposition. Moreover, this gentic susceptibility may be specific and independent of the genetic susceptibility to psychiatric disorders associated with suicidal behaviour (e.g., bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, alcoholism). Several groups have carried out association studies using a "candidate gene strategy", with the goal of identifying the genes involved in susceptibility to suicidal behavior. There is compelling evidence from research in biological psychiatry that abnormalities in the functioning of the central serotonergic system are involved in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior, and the results of association studies suggest that the gene coding for tryptophan hydroxylase, which is the serotonin synthesis enzyme, and the serotonin transporter gene are involved in susceptibility to suicidal behavior. Furthermore, these genes may influence the suicidal phenotype through different gene-gene interactions and gene-early environment interactions. Current studies aim to identify either the precise phenotypes associated with genes for vulnerability to suicidal behaviour or the intermediate phenotypes (e.g., impulsivity, anger dyscontrol) associated with these genes.
存在许多与自杀行为易感性相关的风险因素，家族研究、双生子研究和收养研究的结果表明，这些因素包括遗传易感性。此外，这种遗传易感性可能是特定的，且独立于与自杀行为相关的精神障碍（如双相情感障碍、精神分裂症、酒精中毒）的遗传易感性。几个研究小组采用“候选基因策略”进行了关联研究，目的是确定与自杀行为易感性相关的基因。生物精神病学的研究有令人信服的证据表明，中枢5-羟色胺能系统功能异常参与了自杀行为的发病机制，关联研究结果表明，编码5-羟色胺合成酶色氨酸羟化酶的基因以及5-羟色胺转运体基因与自杀行为易感性有关。此外，这些基因可能通过不同的基因-基因相互作用和基因-早期环境相互作用影响自杀表型。目前的研究旨在确定与自杀行为易感性基因相关的精确表型，或与这些基因相关的中间表型（如冲动性、愤怒失控）。
