Vasel J L, Jupsin H, Annachhatre A P
Fondation Universitaire Luxembourgeoise, Arlon, Belgium.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(6):45-52.
Membrane bioreactors (MBR) have become common in treating municipal wastewaters. Applied to leachates treatment MBR were also successful with pilot scale experiments and full-scale facilities as well. We succeeded previously in designing an efficient nitrification-denitrification process with an ethylene glycol byproduct as carbon source for denitrification. Moreover, an unexpectedly high inert COD removal efficiency was also observed in the full-scale MBR facility thereby making it possible to increase the operating time of the final GAC (Granulated Activated Carbon) adsorber. Since MBR are very sophisticated systems. Simpler and "lower" cost systems can also be considered. For example it is possible to nitrify leachates from sanitary landfill using a simple infiltration-percolation technique with a low energy cost. To validate previously published laboratory experiments, a semi industrial-scale pilot installation was installed at the Montzen landfill site (Belgium). The process is based on infiltration-percolation through a granular bed. This well known process was modified to increase the load, notably by changing the support medium, adding an electric fan that is run intermittently and maintaining temperatures greater than 15 degrees C. The new material is a type of granular calcium carbonate with a large specific surface area. These technical improvements enabled the system to nitrify up to 0.4 kg NH4+-N/m3 of reactor bed per day at a hydraulic load of 0.35 m.d(-1), with an ammonia removal rate in the range of 80 to 95%. Despite the high ammonia nitrogen inlet concentrations, this system exhibits remarkable nitrification efficiency. Moreover, these performances are achieved in a batch mode system without recirculation or dilution processes. If complete nitrification is needed, it can be obtained in a second in series of bioreactors. The system can be classified as a low cost process. An international patent is pending. Possible performances of those systems were compared with the usual methods for leachates treatment.
膜生物反应器（MBR）在城市污水处理中已很常见。应用于渗滤液处理时，MBR在中试规模实验和全规模设施中也取得了成功。我们之前成功设计了一种高效的硝化 - 反硝化工艺，以乙二醇副产物作为反硝化的碳源。此外，在全规模MBR设施中还观察到了出乎意料的高惰性化学需氧量（COD）去除效率，从而有可能延长最终颗粒活性炭（GAC）吸附器的运行时间。由于MBR是非常复杂的系统，也可以考虑更简单、成本“更低”的系统。例如，使用简单的渗透 - 渗滤技术并以较低的能源成本，可以对卫生填埋场的渗滤液进行硝化处理。为了验证之前发表的实验室实验结果，在比利时的蒙岑垃圾填埋场安装了一个半工业规模的中试装置。该工艺基于通过颗粒床的渗透 - 渗滤。对这个众所周知的工艺进行了改进以增加负荷，特别是通过更换支撑介质、添加间歇性运行的电风扇并保持温度高于15摄氏度。新材料是一种具有大比表面积的颗粒状碳酸钙。这些技术改进使该系统在水力负荷为0.35 m·d⁻¹时，每天能够硝化高达0.4 kg NH₄⁺ - N/m³的反应器床，氨去除率在80%至95%之间。尽管进水氨氮浓度很高，但该系统仍表现出显著的硝化效率。此外，这些性能是在无循环或稀释过程的间歇模式系统中实现的。如果需要完全硝化，可以在第二个串联的生物反应器中实现。该系统可归类为低成本工艺。一项国际专利正在申请中。将这些系统可能的性能与渗滤液处理的常用方法进行了比较。
