Mahesh Mahadevappa
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, JHOC Suite 4235, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287-0856, USA.
Radiographics. 2004 Nov-Dec;24(6):1747-60. doi: 10.1148/rg.246045102.
Recent advances in digital detector technology have paved the way to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) systems. The performance of these systems has evolved to the point where replacement of screen-film mammography (SFM) systems is becoming realistic. Despite some commonality between the two techniques, there are fundamental differences in how images are recorded, displayed, and stored. These differences necessitate an understanding of the principles of detection and the characteristics of digital images. Several approaches have been taken in the development of FFDM systems: (a) slot scanning with a scintillator and a charge-coupled device (CCD) array, (b) a flat-panel scintillator and an amorphous silicon diode array, (c) a flat-panel amorphous selenium array, (d) a tiled scintillator with fiberoptic tapers and a CCD array, and (e) photostimulable phosphor plates (computed radiography). Although the initial cost of an FFDM system is high compared with that of an SFM system, digital mammography has inherent advantages, such as wide dynamic range, reduction in recall rates, potential for reduction in radiation dose, increased patient throughput, postprocessing capability, and digital acquisition. These advantages and the rapidly occurring technologic developments will help establish FFDM as a mainstay of breast evaluation.
数字探测器技术的最新进展为全视野数字乳腺摄影（FFDM）系统铺平了道路。这些系统的性能已经发展到屏幕-胶片乳腺摄影（SFM）系统的替换变得切实可行的程度。尽管这两种技术有一些共性，但在图像的记录、显示和存储方式上存在根本差异。这些差异需要对检测原理和数字图像的特性有所了解。FFDM系统的开发采用了几种方法：（a）使用闪烁体和电荷耦合器件（CCD）阵列的狭缝扫描，（b）平板闪烁体和非晶硅二极管阵列，（c）平板非晶硒阵列，（d）带有光纤锥的平铺闪烁体和CCD阵列，以及（e）光激励荧光板（计算机放射摄影）。尽管FFDM系统的初始成本与SFM系统相比很高，但数字乳腺摄影具有固有优势，如宽动态范围、召回率降低、辐射剂量降低潜力、患者通量增加、后处理能力和数字采集。这些优势以及迅速出现的技术发展将有助于确立FFDM作为乳腺评估的主要手段。
