Ragde Haakon, Cavanagh William A, Tjoa Benjamin A
Haakon Ragde Foundation for Advanced Cancer Studies, Seattle, Washington, USA.
J Urol. 2004 Dec;172(6 Pt 2):2532-8. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000144211.51111.e4.
No effective treatment is currently available for metastatic prostate cancer. Dendritic cell (DC) based cancer vaccine research has emerged from the laboratories to human clinical trials. We describe progress in the development of DC based prostate cancer vaccine.
The literature was reviewed for major contributions to a growing number of studies that demonstrate the potential of DC based immunotherapeutics for prostate cancer. Background topics relating to DC based immunotherapy theory and practice are also addressed.
DCs have been recognized as the most efficient antigen presenting cells that have the capacity to initiate naive T cell response in vitro and in vivo. During their differentiation and maturation pathways, dendritic cells can efficiently capture, process and present antigens for T cell activation. These characteristics make DC an attractive choice as the cellular adjuvant for cancer vaccines. Advances in DC generation, loading, and maturation methodologies have made it possible to generate clinical grade vaccines for various human trials. More than 100 DC vaccine trials, including 7 studies of patients with advanced prostate cancer have been reported to date. These vaccines were generally well tolerated with no significant adverse toxicity reported. Clinical responders have been identified in these studies.
The new prospects opened by DC based vaccines for prostate cancer are fascinating. When compared to conventional treatments, DC vaccinations have few side effects. Improvements in patient selection, vaccine delivery strategies, immune monitoring and vaccine manufacturing will be crucial in moving DC based prostate cancer vaccines closer to the clinics.
目前尚无有效的转移性前列腺癌治疗方法。基于树突状细胞（DC）的癌症疫苗研究已从实验室走向人体临床试验。我们描述了基于DC的前列腺癌疫苗的研发进展。
回顾了文献中对越来越多研究的主要贡献，这些研究证明了基于DC的免疫疗法对前列腺癌的潜力。还讨论了与基于DC的免疫疗法理论和实践相关的背景主题。
DC被认为是最有效的抗原呈递细胞，具有在体外和体内启动初始T细胞反应的能力。在其分化和成熟过程中，树突状细胞可以有效地捕获、处理和呈递抗原以激活T细胞。这些特性使DC成为癌症疫苗细胞佐剂的有吸引力的选择。DC生成、负载和成熟方法的进展使得有可能生产用于各种人体试验的临床级疫苗。迄今为止，已报道了100多项DC疫苗试验，包括7项晚期前列腺癌患者的研究。这些疫苗通常耐受性良好，未报告明显的不良毒性。在这些研究中已确定了临床反应者。
基于DC的前列腺癌疫苗开辟的新前景令人着迷。与传统治疗相比，DC疫苗接种的副作用很少。在使基于DC的前列腺癌疫苗更接近临床方面，改善患者选择、疫苗递送策略、免疫监测和疫苗生产将至关重要。
