Hooghe L, Kinnaert P, Van Geertruyden J
Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme.
Acta Chir Belg. 1992 Jan-Feb;92(1):1-9.
The number of glands and the exact location of each normal and pathological parathyroid identified in 416 parathyroidectomies for primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism have been recorded during the last 25 years (1966-1990). Nineteen per cent of all glands were found in ectopic locations. Half of these were distant from the thyroid lobes, most frequently posteriorly alongside the oesophagus, or in the upper anterior mediastinum encapsulated in the thymic remnant. Their discovery required, in some cases, extensive dissections, but a sternotomy was necessary in two cases only. Parathyroid glands may be concealed in the thyroid or in other aberrant locations, more rarely encountered. Supernumerary parathyroids were observed in 5% of cases. They were often pathological and were often in abnormal positions. A sound knowledge of the anatomic variations and of the paths of embryologic migration of the parathyroids are the essential clues for their detection.
在过去25年（1966 - 1990年）中，记录了416例因原发性和继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进而行甲状旁腺切除术时所发现的甲状旁腺数量以及每枚正常和病变甲状旁腺的确切位置。所有甲状旁腺中有19%位于异位。其中一半远离甲状腺叶，最常见于食管旁后方，或位于包裹在胸腺残余组织中的上纵隔前部。在某些情况下，发现它们需要广泛的解剖，但仅两例需要胸骨切开术。甲状旁腺可能隐藏在甲状腺或其他罕见的异常位置。5%的病例中观察到甲状旁腺增生。它们通常是病变的，且位置常常异常。熟悉甲状旁腺的解剖变异和胚胎迁移路径是发现它们的关键线索。
