Roila Fausto, Feyer Petra, Maranzano Ernesto, Olver Ian, Clark-Snow Rebecca, Warr David, Molassiotis Alexander
Medical Oncology Division, Policlinico Hospital, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
Support Care Cancer. 2005 Feb;13(2):129-31. doi: 10.1007/s00520-004-0702-6. Epub 2004 Nov 5.
Only a few studies have been carried out in children on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced acute emesis. 5-HT3 antagonists have been shown to be more efficacious and less toxic than metoclopramide, phenothiazines and cannabinoids. The optimal dose and scheduling of the 5-HT3 antagonists has not been identified. Combinations of a 5-HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone show increased efficacy with respect to 5-HT3 antagonists alone. All pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy of high or moderate emetogenic potential should receive a combination of a 5-HT3 antagonist and dexamethasone to prevent acute emesis. No studies have specifically evaluated antiemetic drugs in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced delayed and anticipatory emesis in children.
关于儿童化疗所致急性呕吐的预防，仅开展了少数研究。已表明5-羟色胺3（5-HT3）拮抗剂比甲氧氯普胺、吩噻嗪类和大麻素类更有效且毒性更低。5-HT3拮抗剂的最佳剂量和给药方案尚未确定。5-HT3拮抗剂与地塞米松联合使用，相较于单独使用5-HT3拮抗剂，疗效有所提高。所有接受高致吐风险或中度致吐风险化疗的儿科患者，均应接受5-HT3拮抗剂与地塞米松联合用药以预防急性呕吐。尚无研究专门评估抗呕吐药物对儿童化疗所致延迟性呕吐和预期性呕吐的预防作用。
