Chamaillard Mathias, Inohara Naohiro, Nuñez Gabriel
Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2004 Dec;12(12):529-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2004.10.001.
Recognition of pathogenic bacteria by mammalian hosts is largely mediated by membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recently, a family of cytosolic proteins, termed NODs, with homology to plant disease-resistance gene products has been implicated in sensing microbes within the cytosol. The role of NOD family members in host defense is largely unknown. However, a recent report revealed that Nod1 is a crucial sensor for certain enteroinvasive bacteria that avoid TLR signaling. This finding suggests that Nod1 plays an important role in the initial recognition of pathogenic bacteria at epithelial surfaces, such as the gut, where innate immune responses to commensal bacteria must be avoided.
哺乳动物宿主对病原菌的识别很大程度上是由膜结合的Toll样受体（TLR）介导的。最近，一类与植物抗病基因产物具有同源性的胞质蛋白家族，即核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域（NOD）蛋白，被认为参与了对胞质内微生物的感知。NOD家族成员在宿主防御中的作用尚不清楚。然而，最近的一份报告显示，Nod1是某些逃避TLR信号传导的肠道侵袭性细菌的关键传感器。这一发现表明，Nod1在上皮表面（如肠道）对病原菌的初始识别中起重要作用，在肠道中必须避免对共生菌产生先天性免疫反应。
