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奶牛小母牛对离子载体的味觉偏好。

Ionophore taste preferences of dairy heifers.

作者信息

Erickson P S, Davis M L, Murdock C S, Pastir K E, Murphy M R, Schwab C G, Marden J I

机构信息

Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Ritzman Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 2004 Nov;82(11):3314-20. doi: 10.2527/2004.82113314x.

Abstract

Two taste preference studies were conducted using six Holstein heifers in each experiment to determine preferences for no ionophore, lasalocid, or monensin in the diet. In Exp. 1, individually penned (approx. 5 mo old; 220 +/- 14 kg BW) heifers were fed a basal total mixed ration containing 46% corn silage, 46% grass haylage, and 8% soybean meal (DM basis). There were five treatments (mg/kg BW(-1)*d(-1)): 0 ionophore (control), 1 lasalocid (1L), 2 lasalocid (2L), 1 monensin (1M), or 2 monensin (2M). Ionophores were provided as part of the mineral mix that had been added to the control diet and through an ionophore-grain by-product mix to make the 2L and 2M treatments. All five diets were offered for 7 d, with the first 2 d for adaptation and the last 5 d for measurement of feed intake. The most preferred diet was then removed and the study continued with the four remaining diets. The most preferred diets were again eliminated sequentially, so that only two diets remained on d 13 and 14. Each feeding segment ranking of treatment preferences was determined based on the weight of feed refused at the end of each feeding segment. In Exp. 2, six 6-wk-old heifers (75 +/- 5 kg of BW) were individually fed either 0, 1L, or 1M in a study similar to Exp. 1, except that the most preferred diet was removed after 4 d, with the first day for adaptation and the last 3 d for measurement of feed intake. In Exp. 1, orthogonal contrasts indicated that heifers preferred the 1L and 2L diets over the 1M and 2M diets. Preferences between diet concentrations of ionophores (1 and 2 mg/kg of BW; Exp. 1) and the control and ionophore treatments did not differ, nor was there an interaction between ionophores and their concentration. Dairy heifers previously fed lasalocid prefer lasalocid over monensin when given a choice; however, heifers without previous exposure to an ionophore did not indicate a preference (Exp. 2).

摘要

进行了两项味觉偏好研究,每项实验使用六头荷斯坦小母牛,以确定日粮中不添加离子载体、添加拉沙洛西或莫能菌素时的偏好情况。在实验1中,将单独圈养(约5月龄;体重220±14千克)的小母牛饲喂一种基础全混合日粮,该日粮包含46%的玉米青贮、46%的禾本科牧草青贮和8%的豆粕(干物质基础)。有五种处理方式(毫克/千克体重⁻¹·天⁻¹):0毫克离子载体(对照)、1毫克拉沙洛西(1L)、2毫克拉沙洛西(2L)、1毫克莫能菌素(1M)或2毫克莫能菌素(2M)。离子载体作为矿物质预混料的一部分添加到对照日粮中,并通过离子载体-谷物副产品预混料来配制2L和2M处理组的日粮。所有五种日粮投喂7天,前2天用于适应,后5天用于测量采食量。然后移除最受偏好的日粮,研究继续使用剩余的四种日粮。最受偏好的日粮再次依次剔除,以便在第13天和第14天仅剩下两种日粮。根据每个饲喂阶段结束时拒绝采食的饲料重量来确定各处理偏好的每个饲喂阶段排名。在实验2中,六头6周龄的小母牛(体重75±5千克),单独饲喂0毫克、1L或1M,实验过程与实验1类似,不同之处在于4天后移除最受偏好的日粮,第一天用于适应,后3天用于测量采食量。在实验1中,正交对比表明,小母牛对1L和2L日粮的偏好高于1M和2M日粮。离子载体日粮浓度(1和2毫克/千克体重;实验1)与对照和离子载体处理之间的偏好没有差异,离子载体及其浓度之间也没有交互作用。以前饲喂过拉沙洛西的奶牛小母牛在有选择时更喜欢拉沙洛西而非莫能菌素;然而,以前未接触过离子载体的小母牛没有表现出偏好(实验2)。

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