Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Sep;91(9):4366-73. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5777. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding corn modified wet distillers grain plus solubles (MWDGS; 48% DM) co-ensiled with chopped whole plant corn (WC) on growth performance, dietary intake, and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 96 Angus-crossed heifers (2 yr old; 522 ± 49.1 kg BW; 5.3 ± 0.1 BCS) were stratified and blocked according to BW and stratified by BCS in each block in a randomized complete block design (24 pens; 4 heifers/pen; 6 treatment replications). Groups were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for a 62 d trial. Treatments were 1) corn silage (CS) and soybean meal (CON), 2) MWDGS co-ensiled with chopped whole plant corn (WC; CO-EN), 3) CS mixed with MWDGS at feeding (CS+WDG), and 4) CS mixed with dry distillers grain plus solubles (DDGS) at feeding (CS+DDG). In Exp. 2, 4 crossbred beef steers (initial BW = 278 ± 18 kg) fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square to test the effects of feeding MWDGS co-ensiled with WC on DM intake, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and total tract digestibility. There were four 14-d periods, with 10 d for diet adaptation and 4 d for samples collection. Orthogonal contrasts were used and compared CON vs. diets containing distillers grains (DGD), CO-EN vs. diets where distillers grains were mixed at feeding (MIX), and CS+WDG vs. CS+DDG. In Exp. 1, the CON fed heifers resulted in greater G:F (P = 0.04) compared with those fed DGD. However, ADG (P = 0.03), final BW (P = 0.04), and BW gain (P = 0.03) were greatest for DGD diets compared with CON and greatest (P = 0.04) for CO-EN when compared with MIX. Apart from a slightly greater acetate concentration (P = 0.05), which resulted in a greater acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.03) for the CON diet compared with DGD, no important differences were observed on intake, diet digestibility, or fermentation characteristics when comparing the CON treatment with DGD or when comparing CS+WDG with CS+DDG. However, the CO-EN diet resulted in decreased DMI (P = 0.05) and consequently decreased OM (P = 0.05), N (P = 0.04), and NDF (P = 0.02) intakes compared with MIX. Data from these studies suggest that MWDGS co-ensiled with WC can successfully replace traditional corn-based diets supplemented with soybean meal and corn silage diets supplemented with distillers grains without compromising digestibility and growth performance in pregnant heifers.
进行了两项实验来评估饲喂经湿磨法加工的玉米湿酒糟和可溶物(MWDGS;干物质含量 48%)与切碎的整株玉米(WC)共发酵后对肉牛生长性能、采食量和养分消化率的影响。在实验 1 中,96 头安格斯杂交小母牛(2 岁;522±49.1kgBW;5.3±0.1BCS)根据 BW 和 BCS 在每个区块中进行分层和分组,采用完全随机区组设计(24 个围栏;每栏 4 头小母牛;6 个处理重复)。在 62d 的试验中,小母牛被分配到 4 种日粮处理组之一。处理组 1:玉米青贮(CS)和豆粕(CON);处理组 2:MWDGS 与切碎的整株玉米(WC)共发酵(CO-EN);处理组 3:CS 与 MWDGS 在饲喂时混合(CS+WDG);处理组 4:CS 与干酒糟和可溶物(DDGS)在饲喂时混合(CS+DDG)。在实验 2 中,使用 4 头杂交肉牛(初始 BW=278±18kg),配备永久性瘤胃套管,采用平衡 4×4 拉丁方设计来测试饲喂与 WC 共发酵的 MWDGS 对 DM 采食量、瘤胃发酵特性和全肠道消化率的影响。有四个 14d 的时期,10d 用于适应日粮,4d 用于收集样品。采用正交对比,比较 CON 与含酒糟日粮(DGD)、CO-EN 与在饲喂时混合酒糟日粮(MIX)、CS+WDG 与 CS+DDG。在实验 1 中,与饲喂 DGD 的小母牛相比,CON 组小母牛的 G:F 更高(P=0.04)。然而,与 CON 和 MIX 相比,DGD 日粮的 ADG(P=0.03)、最终 BW(P=0.04)和 BW 增重(P=0.03)最大。与 DGD 相比,CON 日粮的乙酸浓度略高(P=0.05),导致乙酸与丙酸的比例更高(P=0.03),除了这一点,与 DGD 或 CS+WDG 相比,CON 日粮在采食量、日粮消化率或发酵特性方面没有观察到重要差异。与 CS+DDG。然而,与 MIX 相比,CO-EN 日粮导致 DM 采食量减少(P=0.05),进而导致 OM(P=0.05)、N(P=0.04)和 NDF(P=0.02)的采食量减少。这些研究的数据表明,与 WC 共发酵的 MWDGS 可以成功替代传统的以玉米为基础的日粮,补充豆粕,也可以替代以玉米青贮为基础的日粮,补充酒糟,而不会影响妊娠小母牛的消化率和生长性能。