Santhanam Anand, Fidopiastis Cali, Tal Amir, Hoffman-Ruddy Bari, Rolland Jannick
Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, USA.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2004;98:333-9.
Technological advances in Augmented Reality (AR) and extraction of 3D patient specific medical data led to the creation of medical visualization using AR environments, in which the 3D data is registered and synchronized with the position of the patient. One of the challenges in such visualization environments is maintaining an accurate shape of the 3D data for self-deformable models such as lungs. An accurate deformation of lung model with 3D visualization may significantly increase the teaching and diagnosing ability of physicians. Modeling the deformation of lungs primarily involves the accurate representation of Pressure-volume relationship and the hysteresis in the relationship during inhalation and exhalation. This paper explains a real-time physiologically accurate deformation algorithm and its hardware rendering. We then introduce a novel approach for the representation of accurate pressure volume relationship based on an analogy with classical mechanics. Our simulation results show that the hysteresis obtained is more accurate as compared to current lung models. Thus in our approach a physically realistic deformation of lung model is obtained by the integration of the accurate PV relationship with real-time deformation method.
增强现实（AR）技术的进步以及三维患者特异性医学数据的提取，促使了利用AR环境进行医学可视化的创建，在该环境中，三维数据与患者的位置进行配准和同步。在这样的可视化环境中面临的挑战之一是，对于诸如肺部等自变形模型，要保持三维数据的准确形状。肺部模型的精确变形与三维可视化相结合，可能会显著提高医生的教学和诊断能力。对肺部变形进行建模主要涉及准确表示压力-容积关系以及吸气和呼气过程中该关系的滞后现象。本文阐述了一种实时生理上精确的变形算法及其硬件渲染。然后，我们基于与经典力学的类比，引入了一种表示精确压力-容积关系的新方法。我们的模拟结果表明，与当前的肺部模型相比，所获得的滞后现象更为准确。因此，在我们的方法中，通过将精确的压力-容积关系与实时变形方法相结合，实现了肺部模型逼真的物理变形。
