Aggarwal R, Moorthy K, Darzi A
Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Imperial College, London, UK.
Br J Surg. 2004 Dec;91(12):1549-58. doi: 10.1002/bjs.4816.
The introduction of laparoscopic techniques to general surgery was associated with many unnecessary complications, which led to the development of skills laboratories to train novice laparoscopic surgeons. This article reviews the tools currently available for training and assessment in laparoscopic surgery.
Medline searches were performed to identify articles with combinations of the following key words: laparoscopy, training, curriculum, virtual reality and assessment. Further articles were obtained by manually searching the reference lists of identified papers.
Current training involves the use of box trainers with either innate models or animal tissues; it lacks objective assessment of skill acquisition. Virtual reality simulators have the ability to teach laparoscopic psychomotor skills, and objective assessment is now possible using dexterity-based and video analysis systems.
The tools are now available for the development of a structured, competency-based, laparoscopic surgical training programme.
普通外科引入腹腔镜技术后出现了许多不必要的并发症，这促使了技能实验室的发展，用于培训腹腔镜手术新手。本文综述了目前可用于腹腔镜手术培训和评估的工具。
通过医学文献数据库检索，以识别包含以下关键词组合的文章：腹腔镜检查、培训、课程、虚拟现实和评估。通过手动搜索已识别论文的参考文献列表获取更多文章。
当前的培训使用带有固有模型或动物组织的箱式训练器；它缺乏对技能习得的客观评估。虚拟现实模拟器有能力教授腹腔镜手术的心理运动技能，现在使用基于灵巧性和视频分析系统可以进行客观评估。
现在已有工具可用于制定结构化的、基于能力的腹腔镜手术培训计划。
