A cohort study on cancer incidence in offspring of male printing workers.

We used multistep register linkage to measure the occurrence of cancer in offspring of male members of the Oslo unions of printers. A file of their children was established through linkage with the Central Population Register. Children born 1950-1987 (N = 12,440) were traced for cancer during 1965-1987 in the Cancer Registry of Norway (193,406 person-years). We found 33 cases of cancer. The standardized incidence ratio was near expected for person-years after age 14 (25 cases observed) but lower than expected for person-years in the age group 0-14 years (eight cases observed, standardized incidence ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.25-1.14). This negative association was stronger when more precise criteria for time of exposure were applied, especially for children 0-14 years with fathers in categories exposed to lead 1 year before the child's birth. Methodologic problems with this approach are nondifferential exposure misclassification and the need for large data sets. The method could serve as an alternative to the case-control design in reproductive epidemiology.